The confidence interval for differences suggests minimal current intensity to elicit a motor response that cannot reliably discern between a needle-nerve contact from intraneural needle placement. In addition, an EMR at threshold currents <0.2 mA (irrespective of the applied pulse duration) indicates intraneural needle placement or needle-nerve contact.
In this pilot study, needle visibility in embalmed cadaver is comparable with that in human control. Needle visibility was significantly higher in other tissue models (turkey breast, pork, synthetic gel models) than in the human control, which may limit their value in training environments.
Compound imaging technology enhances needle imaging with both echogenic and conventional needles. Tissue imaging and speckle artifacts are also optimized. Echogenic needle design results in better needle visibility scores in both B-mode and compound imaging.
In der Helsinki-Deklaration "Patientensicherheit in der Anästhesio-logie" wird gefordert, für bestimmte sicherheitsrelevante Aspekte in der Anästhesie schriftliche interne Handlungsempfehlungen festzulegen und diese für alle Mitarbeiter/innen zugänglich zu machen. Im Folgenden soll als erstes der geforderten Themen dieser Reihe eine SOP (standard operating procedure) zur Lokalanästhetika-Intoxikation vorgestellt werden. Diese Muster-SOP ist zwar so gut es geht "evidence-based" und orientiert sich an (inter-)nationalen Empfehlungen der Fachgesellschaften. Diese "Marburger-Lokalanästhetika-Intoxikations-SOP" ist aber nur eine von vielen Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten und soll dem Leser Anregung und Grundlage sein für eine auf den eigenen Bereich abgestimmte individuelle Empfehlung.
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