Based on experimental studies on tube formation during self-assembly of bacterial surface (S)-layers, a mechanistic model for describing the underlying basic mechanisms is proposed and the effect of process parameters on growth velocity and tube radius is investigated. The S-layer is modeled as a curved sheet with discrete binding sites for the association of monomers distributed along the S-layer edges. Reported changes of the tube radius owing to genetic protein modifications are explained within the framework of continuum mechanics. S-layer growth velocity and shape development are analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation in their dependence on the attachment and detachment frequencies of monomers at the S-layer. For curved S-layer patches, a criterion for the formation of S-layer tubes is derived. Accordingly, tubes can form only within a certain range of the initial monomer concentration. Furthermore, the effect of calcium ion concentration on tube formation is discussed, including recent experimental findings on the calcium effect.
Background: Native as well as recombinant bacterial cell surface layer (S-layer) protein of Geobacillus (G.) stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 assembles to supramolecular structures with an oblique symmetry. Upon expression in E. coli, S-layer self assembly products are formed in the cytosol. We tested the expression and assembly of a fusion protein, consisting of the mature part (aa 31-1099) of the S-layer protein and EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein), in eukaryotic host cells, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human HeLa cells.
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