A presente pesquisa objetivou identificar os principais desafios que docentes enfrentam ao ensinar Botânica, segundo suas condições de trabalho em uma instituição de ensino superior. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos trata-se de investigação de natureza qualitativa, sendo uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória de um caso. A coleta de material empírico se deu por meio de aplicação de questionários abrangendo diferentes dimensões de suas práticas pedagógicas na disciplina de Botânica. A pesquisa ocorreu no período de julho de 2016 a junho de 2017 e contemplou seis docentes. Constatamos que a falta de recursos didáticos e auxílio de técnicos e monitores, são um dos principais fatores que prejudicam a qualidade do ensino. Isso tem ocasionado insatisfação dos docentes, no que se refere à atual forma de se ensinar Botânica na universidade. Mesmo diante de tais dificuldades, os professores afirmam que seus alunos estão motivados pelo ensino da disciplina. Mas que aspectos estariam garantindo ensinar Botânica diante das dificuldades, e ainda assim garantir interesse da parte dos alunos? Concluímos que há necessidade de estudos tanto acerca da relação dos alunos com a Botânica quanto acerca da diversidade de recursos didáticos e de novas metodologias que estejam sendo utilizadas por esses e por outros docentes.
Understanding secondary forest structure and functioning is essential for future planning of effective use and/or recompositioning of such areas. The secondary succession process is influenced by the characteristics of componente species, their interaction with other species and with abiotic components. Thus, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the vegetation structure, dispersion syndromes and pollination of a secondary forest fragment with 5 years of regeneration in the Atlantic Forest landscape of Pernambuco, northern Brazil. A total of 30 permanent 10 x 10 m plots with 10 m separations were used for canopy sampling (i.e., all woody individuals with stem diameter at 1.30 m (DBH) greater than 5 cm. Floristic composition analysis recorded 32 species from 21 families. Absolute density was 150 individuals with basal area of 4.787 m² ha-1, and the Shannon-Weaver index (H ‘) was 2.960. The family with the highest number of species was Melastomataceae, while those with greatest abundance were Malpighiaceae (26) and Cecropiaceae (14). Species with the highest Importance Values included Byrsonima sericea (49.28%), Cecropia pachystachya (38.49%) and Bowdichia virgilioides (37.19%). The predominant tree species dispersal syndrome was zoochory (72 species), and the predominant pollination syndrome was melitophilia. Arboreal individuals were mostly recorded in the initial diameter and height classes, indicating that the study area is in the initial stage of succession.
Secondary forests play an important role in tropical landscapes and have important ecological functions such as the ability to accumulate biomass. Although the literature points to the convergence between primary and secondary forests, however there are few studies in Atlantic Rainforest in a chronosequence to show it. This study aimed to characterize the changes of floristic composition in a chronosequence (5, 16, 24, 30 years of regeneration and mature forest) in the Atlantic Rainforest. In each forest 30 plots of 10 × 10 m were installed for canopy sampling, and within these 100 m2 were installed plots of 5 × 5 m for sampling the woody sub-forest at the lower left corner. The growth habits analyzed were arboreal (diameter at breast height, DBH ≥ 5 cm), shrubs (DBH < 5 cm and stem diameter at ground level > 1 cm), herbs, epiphytes and climbing plants. The results suggest that from 16 young forests tended to converge with the mature forest in terms of the proportion of growth forms.
Volume 3, Número 2 (mai./ago. 2018) pp: 315-328. www.kentron.ifal.edu.br/index.php/diversitas_journal © Diversitas Journal DIVERSITAS JOURNAL. Santana do Ipanema/AL. vol 3, n. 2, p.315-328, mai./ago. 2018. Página | 315 Página | 315Análise da competitividade econômica do potencial de produção de energia elétrica a partir do biogás proveniente de dejetos bovinos em Alagoas RESUMO: O Brasil dispõe de grande manancial hidroelétrico, mas enfrenta desafios de oferta energética causados pelas variações do regime pluvial e por exigências crescentes referentes à manutenção dos biomas. Esta realidade tem impulsionado a busca por outras alternativas renováveis. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar as possibilidades econômicas de aproveitamento de dejetos bovinos dos rebanhos de Alagoas para geração de energia elétrica nas propriedades. Uma vez que a energia elétrica é um insumo primário de larga aplicação, a geração da mesma permite a implantação de novas atividades econômicas nas propriedades. A partir da identificação dos rebanhos disponíveis no estado, foram definidas as capacidades de geração possíveis, estimados os custos de investimento e operacionais e por fim, calculadas as taxas de retorno e paybacks para as capacidades selecionadas. Os resultados mostraram que os paybacks descontados para potência instalada de 75kW, que demanda um plantel de 500 animais, encontra-se acima de 16 anos o que demonstra a pouca atratividade para esta escala. Este mesmo indicador reduz-se para um valor pouco mais de 6 anos para o limite superior de capacidade instalada de 1000kW. Uma vez que esta alta capacidade demanda uma fonte de mais de 13.000 animais, ela somente pode ser aplicada em um número muito restrito de propriedades no estado, caracterizado por fazendas de pequeno porte. A saída passa por desenvolvimentos para redução dos custos de investimento, associações de produtores e apoio governamental. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: dejetos animais, digestão anaeróbia, energia renovável.ABSTRACT: Brazil has a large hydroelectric source, but it faces energy supply challenges caused by variations in the rainfall regime and growing demands for the maintenance of biomes. This reality has driven the search for other renewable alternatives. This work analyzed the economic possibilities for the use of bovine wastes from the Alagoas herds for electric power generation in properties at different scale values. This allows them to be economically strengthened either by reducing the costs paid to concessionaires or by the possibility of industrialization activities with a decentralized and safe energy supply. From the identification of the sizes of herds in the state, we propose generation scales and analyze the rates of returns and payback returns for these plants. The results show that the discounted reimbursements for the installed power of 75kW, which require a stock of 500 animals, is above 16 years which shows little attractiveness for this scale. This same indicator is reduced to a little more than 6 years for the upper limit of installed cap...
The association of reproductive characteristics of the species with the patterns of abundance in tropical forests at different stages of succession provides a fundamental knowledge for understanding the forest regeneration processes. This work aimed to describe the floral reproductive characteristics to determine the pollination systems and functional diversity in a chronosequence (5, 16, 24.30 years old of regeneration) and a mature forest in the state of Pernambuco Atlantic forest. It was verified how pollination syndromes are distributed among the different regeneration ages. Our hypothesis is that functional diversity of pollination syndromes is influenced by the age of regeneration. The surveys were conducted in a total of 150 plots. A total of 109 species and 1,945 individuals (40 families and 81 genera) were recorded. In general the distribution of reproductive characteristics was different between the young forest and the mature forest. There were trends of increase of the proportion of some reproductive characteristics towards mature forest. The predominant pollination syndrome along the chronological sequence was the melittophily. The results did not corroborate the hypothesis that the functional diversity of pollination syndromes is influenced by the age of forest regeneration.
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