Eight yeast strains that asexually reproduce by cell fission were isolated from bee bread of different solitary bees in Germany. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the strains shared the same sequence in the D1/D2 domain of the nuclear large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene with a strain that was previously isolated from a fig snack from Spain. The closest related type strain was that of Schizosaccharomyces octosporus, which showed 98.2% sequence similarity (11 substitutions) with the new strains. By clone sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2) a total of nine different copy types were identified. The new strains differed from S. octosporus by approximately 31% in the ITS region. Sequence analysis of the RNAse P gene further supported the description of a new species. The strains isolated during this study show some phenotypic characteristics that separate them from the closest related species, S. octosporus and S. cryophilus. Since all strains showed true osmophily the name of the new species is S. osmophilus (holotype: CBS 15793T; isotype: CLIB 3267 T = NCAIM Y.02225 T, MycoBank no.: MB829586).
Two yeast strains representing a hitherto undescribed yeast species were isolated from olive oil and spoiled olive oil originating from Spain and Israel, respectively. Both strains are strong acetic acid producers, equipped with considerable tolerance to acetic acid. The cultures are not short-lived. Cellobiose is fermented as well as several other sugars. The sequences of their large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene D1/D2 domain are very divergent from the sequences available in the GenBank. They differ from the closest hit, Brettanomyces naardenensis by about 27%, mainly substitutions. Sequence analyses of the concatenated dataset from genes of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA, LSU rRNA and translation elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) placed the two strains as an early diverging member of the Brettanomyces/Dekkera clade with high bootstrap support. Sexual reproduction was not observed. The name Brettanomyces acidodurans sp. nov. (holotype: NCAIM Y.02178; isotypes: CBS 14519 = NRRL Y-63865 = ZIM 2626, MycoBank no.: MB 819608) is proposed for this highly divergent new yeast species.
Six yeast strains isolated from olive oil sediments and spoiled olive oils originating from Slovenia and Portugal, respectively, proved to represent an undescribed yeast species based on DNA sequence comparisons. The analysis of gene sequences for internal transcribed spacer regions and the large subunit rRNA gene D1/D2 domain placed the novel species in the genus Kuraishia in a subclade containing Kuraishiacapsulata, the type species of the genus. Although the novel species is well separated genetically from the recognized species of the genus, only a minor phenotypic difference differentiating it from Kuraishia capsulata and K. molischiana was observed. Relevant to its isolation source, no lipolytic activity was detected in the strains of the novel species. To accommodate the above-noted strains, Kuraishia mediterranea sp. nov. (holotype: ZIM 2473; isotype: CBS 15107; MycoBank no.: MB 822817) is proposed.
This review focuses on yeast suspensions applied with the aim to enhance nutritional content of agricultural products. Seventy one publications were studied, and their details summarized in tables, according to the following plant groups: 1/ arable plants, 2/ vegetables, 3/ medicinal and ornamental plants. It was found that the experimental designs in these papers were inconsistent in most cases and, regardless to plant species used, the concentration of yeast extract, time of application, and repetitions of the treatment were fundamentally different, making evaluation of the methodologies difficult. However, all studies agreed in the positive impact of yeast extracts on nutritional parameters. Therefore, it is advisable to perform further studies to clarify the relationship of individual nutritional parameters to spraying dose, timing and repetition of yeast application. ABSTRACT antioxidants cytokinins elicitation hypersensitive reaction phytonutrients yeast KEY WORDS Volume 62(2):146-157, 2018 Acta Biologica Szegediensis
In organic farming systems the focus is on prevention with regards to plant protection. To follow the rules of Good Agricultural Practice one is able to avoid serious yield losses; if it is not possible the use of allowed materials are permitted. Organic farmers have less material to protect their plants so it is necessary to find effective potential materials. Bacterial and fungal diseases of tomato and pepper can cause serious losses in yield. Different materials were tested against some plant pathogen bacterial (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and fungal (Phytoptora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotium) strains in order to find potential materials in the field of organic seed treatment. In vitro trials have shown that vinegar, cider vinegar, red wine vinegar, white wine vinegar, cinnamon and thyme oil have inhibiting effect against the causative agent of bacteria and fungi. Germination test has shown that examined vinegar types do not decrease germination ability if the concentration is low, but in higher (more than 5%) concentration it ruins the germination ability. Even in 0,5% concentration of red — and white vine vinegar have good effect on germination capacity.
In ecological farming systems farmers can't use chemicals against pests. In ecological plant protection the aim is to prevent diseases; if it is not possible the use of allowed materials are permitted. Until now there haven't been enough effective and environmental friendly materials for seed treatment in organic farming. Seed borne diseases of tomato and pepper can cause serious losses in yield, so finding appropriate inhibitors has a great importance. Different materials were tested against these bacterial strains for seed treatment in this study. In vitro trials have shown that vinegar, cider vinegar, red wine vinegar and white wine vinegar have inhibiting effect against the causative agent of bacterial canker (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis), bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) of tomato. These materials also have inhibiting impact on the causative agent of bacterial spot of pepper (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria). Seed treatment with (natural alkaline material) sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) had no effect on the examined bacterial strains. Among examined essential oils cinnamon oil seemed to be the most effective, but all oils decreased the germination ability. Thyme and savory teas were effective against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Other examined materials had insufficient bactericide impact (sucrose, NaCI, ethanol, valerian extract, peppermint tea). The germination test has shown that examined vinegar types don't decrease germination ability.
aims to facilitate access, usage and exploitation of digital educational content related to Organic Agriculture (OA) and Agroecology. It deploys a multilingual online federation and digital environment of learning repositories, populated with quality content from various content producers. Organic.Edunet focuses on achieving interoperability between the digital collections of OA and Agroecology content of various EU countries. In this way, digital content that can be used to educate European Youth about the benefits of OA and Agroecology, becomes easily accessible, usable and exploitable. As the end of the project approaching the system has been set up and located to content providers preserving the network system. All partners related to education have uploaded all of their learning objects. In order to ensure the sustainability of the portal all partners contribute to affiliated partners' organization. The project offers a digital and user defined portfolio for them even in regular learning systems or lifelong learning.
Számos kutatás igazolja a levélfelületre kijuttatott élesztőgomba oldatok termesztett növényekre gyakorolt, azok vegetatív fejlődését elősegítő hatását. Kísérletünk célja volt, egy olyan ökológiai paradicsomtermesztésben alkalmazható gyakorlati módszer kidolgozása a S. cerevisiae élesztőgomba felhasználásával, amely kis- és közepes gazdaságméretnél egyszerűen alkalmazható, valamint számottevő termésnövekedéssel jár(hat). Egy nagyobb kutatás részeként, instant kereskedelmi forgalomban beszerezhető élesztőgomba, illetve S. cerevisiae NCAIM Y.00801 törzsgyűjteményi típustörzs felhasználásával, két gyakorisággal és koncentrációban (0,1 és 1% v/v) elcitor oldatot juttattunk a paradicsom lombozatára. Az alkalmazott kezelések hatására 5-30%-kal növekedett a piacképes bogyók mennyisége. A termésminőségre a legkedvezőbb hatást az 1%-os, háromszor kijuttatott törzsgyűjteményi oldat gyakorolta.
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