Maize is an important crop with great use in agriculture, food and other industries. The aim of this work was to compare 30 varieties of Zea mays L., that were grown in the USA and Europe in terms of nutritional quality and to genetically distinguish them by creating a dendrogram of relationship. The content of total nitrogen, crude protein content, fractional composition of proteins and the calculated coefficient of nutritional quality were all determined. Compared to American varieties, higher nutritional quality was shown by the varieties of European origin with the coefficient of nutritional quality higher about 17.55%. However, the highest value was achieved by the American variety Howling Mob (331.91%). Storage proteins -glutelins were divided according to molecular weight into HMW-GS (high molecular weight glutelin subunits), LMW-GS (low molecular weight glutelin subunits) plus zeins and residual albumins and globulins by electrophoretic separation. The biggest difference was recorded among HMW-GS content -5.77% (American varieties) and 7.35% (European varieties), while the LMW-GS plus zeins and residual albumins and globulins content was similar. 20 protein bands (15 polymorphic and 5 monomorphic) in American varieties and 18 protein bands (10 polymorphic and 8 monomorphic) in European varieties were evaluated in the electrophoretograms. Based on the presence of individual proteins, a dendrogram was constructed, using the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages) method and the Jaccard coefficient of similarity. In the dendrogram, 2 clusters of varieties with the dissimilarity 0.481 were formed. In the subgroups, from the point of glutelin polymorphism, the varieties Illinois Hulles and Queen Anna were separated from the others. The European varieties were segregated within the second cluster and created the common subgroup of 2 varieties -Madarska cukrova (Hungary) and Zlota Handlowa (Poland). Keywords: dendrogram, maize, proteins, SDS-PAGE AbstraktKukurica siata je významnou plodinou s veľkým využitím v poľnohospodárstve, potravinárstve, ako aj v rôznych priemyselných odvetviach. Cieľom práce bolo porovnať 30 odrôd kukurice siatej (Zea mays L.), ktoré boli vyšľachtené v USA a Európe z hľadiska nutričnej kvality a geneticky ich odlíšiť zostrojením dendrogramu príbuznosti. Stanovený bol obsah celkového dusíka, hrubých bielkovín, frakčná skladba bielkovín a vypočítaný koeficient nutričnej kvality. Vyššiu nutričnú kvalitu vykazovali odrody európskeho pôvodu v porovnaní s americkými odrodami, pričom koeficient nutričnej kvality bol vyšší o 17,55%. Avšak najvyššiu nutričnú kvalitu dosiahla americká odroda Howling Mob (331,91%). Elektroforetickou separáciou bielkovín sa glutelíny rozdelili na základe molekulovej hmotnosti na HMW-GS (vysokomolekulárne glutelínové podjednotky), LMW-GS (nízkomolekulárne glutelínové podjednotky)plus zeíny a zvyškové albumíny a globulíny. Najväčší rozdiel bol zaznamenaný v obsahu HMW-GS -5,77% (americké odrody) a 7,35% (európske odrody), pričom obsah ...
Maize (Zea mays L.) is important cereal and its diversity research is essential from the point of breeding strategy. The aim of this work was to compare the protein profiles of 30 varieties (from the USA and Europe) and 34 lines (from Slovakia) using two electrophoretic methods (SDS-PAGE and A-PAGE) and to construct dendrograms of their genetic similarity. The highest amount of HMW-GS (high molecular weight glutelin subunits) was detected in the European varieties (7.35%), LMW-GS (low molecular weight glutelin subunits) was determined in the Slovak lines (45.42%) and most residual albumins and globulins were found in the American varieties (50.66%). According to the representation of the evaluable protein bands, 4 dendrograms were constructed. In the dendrograms, which were based on the polymorphism of glutelins, Line 15 was separated from other Slovak lines, while European and American varieties split into 2 main clusters. The highest genetic similarity was between varieties Wonderfull and Queen Anna; and Slovak lines 6 and 9. From the point of zein polymorphism, dendrograms separated the varieties and the lines into 2 main clusters. Fruhester Gelber and Maďarská cukrová were the most similar varieties, also the Slovak lines 21 and 22; 13 and 34. The findings of the study will be helpful for proper breeding strategy and further sustainable agricultural development.
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