, approximately 6.5 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and 190,000 SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths have been reported in the United States (1,2). Symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are milder in children compared with adults (3). Persons aged <21 years constitute 26% of the U.S. population (4), and this report describes characteristics of U.S. persons in that population who died in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection, as reported by public health jurisdictions. Among 121 SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths reported to CDC among persons aged <21 years in the United States during February 12-July 31, 2020, 63% occurred in males, 10% of decedents were aged <1 year, 20% were aged 1-9 years, 70% were aged 10-20 years, 45% were Hispanic persons, 29% were non-Hispanic Black (Black) persons, and 4% were non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons. Among these 121 decedents, 91 (75%) had an underlying medical condition,* 79 (65%) died after admission to a hospital, and 39 (32%) died at home or in the emergency department (ED). † These data show that nearly three quarters of SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths among infants, children, adolescents, and young adults have occurred in persons aged 10-20 years, with a disproportionate percentage among young adults aged 18-20 years and among Hispanics, Blacks, AI/ANs, and persons with underlying medical conditions. Careful monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 * https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/peoplewith-medical-conditions.html. † Location of death for all cases (121): hospital (79 [65.3%]), home (16 [13.2%]), ED (23 [19.0%]), hospice (one [0.8%]), and unknown (2 [1.7%]).

We describe an outbreak of severe respiratory illness associated with human coronavirus NL63 in a long-term care facility in Louisiana in November 2017. Six of 20 case-patients were hospitalized with pneumonia, and 3 of 20 died. Clinicians should consider human coronavirus NL63 for patients in similar settings with respiratory disease.

Because plants capture water and nutrients through roots, it was proposed that changes in root systems architecture (RSA) might underpin the three-fold increase in maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield over the last century. Here we show that both RSA and yield have changed with decades of maize breeding, but not the crop water uptake. Results from X-ray phenotyping in controlled environments showed single cross (SX) hybrids have smaller root systems than double crosses (DX) for root diameters between 2,465 and 181 um (P&lt;0.05). Soil water extraction measured under field conditions ranged between 2.6-2.9 mm d -1 but were not significantly different between SX and DX hybrids. Yield and yield components were higher for SX than DX hybrids across densities and irrigation (P&lt;0.001). Taken together, the results suggest that changes in RSA were not the cause of increased water uptake but an adaptation to high density stands used in modern agriculture. This adaptation may have contributed to shift resource allocation to the ear and indirectly improve reproductive resilience. Advances in root physiology and phenotyping can create opportunities to maintain long-term genetic gain in maize but a shift from ideotype to crop and production system thinking will be required.

Botrytis cinerea isolates from flowers and berries of Vitis vinifera ‘Thompson seedless’ (grapevine) were characterized in terms of two transposable elements (TEs) Boty and Flipper, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), infection levels, and resistance to iprodione. The isolates were collected from grapevines under fungicide programs of variable numbers of iprodione applications, and replicated in three Chilean Central Valley locations. Recovery was repeated from clusters collected at four phenological stages. Highest infection levels were found at bloom. Fungicide programs including one iprodione application or a combination of other fungicides were most effective for reducing gray mold symptoms. A total of 457 isolates collected from fungicide programs including only one iprodione application, and the control program, were tested for the presence of TEs. In all locations and during all phenological stages, transposa isolates (containing both TEs) were most common, followed by Boty. Vacuma isolates (containing neither TE) were identified at very low levels in two locations and only in the control treatment, and isolates with only Flipper were not detected at any time or location. Vacuma and Boty isolates were all sensitive to iprodione, while transposa isolates showed a wide range of resistance. Based on response to iprodione, the presence of TEs, and presence of vegetative-incompatibility alleles (Bc-hch), the isolates studied belong to B. cinerea Group II, a phylogenetic species within B. cinerea. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance and genetic diversity analyses of the RAPD genotypes showed a genetic differentiation linked to location, but it was not related to geographic distance. Moreover, a genetic differentiation related to the phenological stage of grapes was also detected.

Adolescent pregnancy is a major public health problem worldwide. Adolescents living with diabetes are not aware of the risks of unplanned pregnancy and the high rate of fetal and maternal complications when gestation occurs in women with significant hyperglycemia. These data highlight the significance of pregnancy prevention in young women with diabetes. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), which include subdermal progestin implants and hormonal and nonhormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs), have been recommended by the American College of Obstetricians Gynecologists and the American Academy of Pediatrics as a first-line contraceptive option for adolescents and young women. This article reviews LARC options for adolescents and young women with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes as well as the possible complications and side effects.