Context. Until recently, camera networks designed for monitoring fireballs worldwide were not fully automated, implying that in case of a meteorite fall, the recovery campaign was rarely immediate. This was an important limiting factor as the most fragile – hence precious – meteorites must be recovered rapidly to avoid their alteration. Aims. The Fireball Recovery and InterPlanetary Observation Network (FRIPON) scientific project was designed to overcome this limitation. This network comprises a fully automated camera and radio network deployed over a significant fraction of western Europe and a small fraction of Canada. As of today, it consists of 150 cameras and 25 European radio receivers and covers an area of about 1.5 × 106 km2. Methods. The FRIPON network, fully operational since 2018, has been monitoring meteoroid entries since 2016, thereby allowing the characterization of their dynamical and physical properties. In addition, the level of automation of the network makes it possible to trigger a meteorite recovery campaign only a few hours after it reaches the surface of the Earth. Recovery campaigns are only organized for meteorites with final masses estimated of at least 500 g, which is about one event per year in France. No recovery campaign is organized in the case of smaller final masses on the order of 50 to 100 g, which happens about three times a year; instead, the information is delivered to the local media so that it can reach the inhabitants living in the vicinity of the fall. Results. Nearly 4000 meteoroids have been detected so far and characterized by FRIPON. The distribution of their orbits appears to be bimodal, with a cometary population and a main belt population. Sporadic meteors amount to about 55% of all meteors. A first estimate of the absolute meteoroid flux (mag < –5; meteoroid size ≥~1 cm) amounts to 1250/yr/106 km2. This value is compatible with previous estimates. Finally, the first meteorite was recovered in Italy (Cavezzo, January 2020) thanks to the PRISMA network, a component of the FRIPON science project.
Two meteorite pieces have been recovered in Italy, near the town of Cavezzo (Modena), on 4th January 2020. The associated fireball was observed on the evening of New Year’s Day 2020 by eight all-sky cameras of the PRISMA fireball network, a partner of FRIPON. The computed trajectory had an inclination angle of approximately 68○ and a velocity at infinity of 12.8 km s−1. Together with the relatively low terminal height, estimated as 21.5 km, those values were indicating the significant possibility of a meteorite dropping event, as additionally confirmed by the non zero residual total mass. The strewn-field was computed taking into account the presence of two bright light flashes, revealing that the meteoroid had been very likely subject to fragmentation. Three days after the event, two samples, weighing 3.1 g and 52.2 g, were collected as a result of a dedicated field search and thanks to the involvement of the local people. The two pieces were immediately recognised as freshly fallen fragments of meteorite. The computed orbital elements, compared with the ones of known Near-Earth Asteroids from the NEODyS database, are compatible with one asteroid only; 2013 VC10. The estimated original mass of the meteoroid, 3.5 kg, and size, approximately 13 cm, is so far the smallest among the current 35 cases in which meteorites were recovered from precise strewn-field computation thanks to observational data. This result demonstrates the effectiveness of accurate processing of fireball network data even on challenging events generated by small size meteoroids.
Plusieurs parties du corps humain, comme la peau ou des têtes momifi ées, ont attiré l'attention des Européens dès leur premier contact avec les sociétés des îles du Pacifi que. On peut citer parmi les principales motivations à leur collecte : l'appât du gain, la curiosité, la recherche et la comparaison scientifi que, l'exposition d'objets d'art dont l'exotisme fascine, mais surtout la préservation de tout ce qui allait se perdre au contact des sociétés occidentales (King 1997 ; King 2003 ; Hole 2006). À partir du XVIII e siècle, l'Occident s'est ainsi intéressé à des têtes maories momifi ées et, avec le temps, bon nombre d'entre elles ont intégré les collections de musées du monde entier. Au début du XX e siècle, l'une de ces pièces est arrivée au Musée ethnographique de la faculté de lettres et philosophie de l'université de Buenos Aires. Elle y a été exposée aux côtés d'autres restes humains, dont des momies du Nord-Ouest argentin, des squelettes, des têtes trophées des Indiens mundurucús du Brésil et des têtes réduites des Indiens jivaros d'Équateur. En 2004, le musée de Buenos Aires a restitué au musée Te Papa Tongarewa de Wellington la tête d'un guerrier maori appelée toi moko. Bien que faisant partie depuis 1910 du patrimoine de l'institution, cette tête était restée dans les réserves du musée, loin des salles d'exposition, car la politique institutionnelle désapprouvait l'exposition systématique de restes humains. Le mokomokai du Musée ethnographique Juan B. Ambrosetti (1910-2004)* * Je tiens à remercier Marta Dujovne, Verónica Jeria et Miryam Tarragó pour leurs commentaires et leurs suggestions.
El uso de motivos indígenas de colecciones del Museo Etnográfico de la UBA en los inicios delSiglo XX: actores, actividades y objetos.
El Museo Etnográfico “Juan B. Ambrosetti” fue afectado por las intervenciones de las universidades nacionales de los gobiernos dictatoriales entre 1930 y 1983. Tras el retorno democrático, la Dirección de J. A. Pérez Gollán y M. Dujovne inició una transformación institucional a la luz de los debates sobre el rol de los museos de antropología. Su Proyecto difundido hace veinticuatro años en la Revista Runa influye, aún hoy, en el desarrollo de diversas líneas de trabajo. La exhibición “Desafiando al silencio: pueblos indígenas y dictadura”, inaugurada a cuarenta años del último golpe de estado, es resultado de este proceso de cambios.Como parte del equipo que la llevó adelante, nos proponemos reflexionar sobre esta exhibición a la luz de las transformaciones conceptuales y museográficas propuestas en aquel Proyecto. Y nos preguntamos ¿cómo reflexionar sobre la violencia del estado, las resistencias, las ausencias, los silencios y las demandas de justicia en un museo universitario de antropología?
En este artículo nos proponemos mostrar algunos cambios que venimos impulsando en el Museo Etnográfico Juan B. Ambrosetti, a través de la realización de actividades que nos permiten afirmarnos en nuestro carácter de museo antropológico y universitario en una nueva coyuntura social, política y cultural que propone la inclusión de otras voces, otras miradas y sujetos sociales. En este sentido mostraremos de qué manera las colecciones del Museo, como patrimonio universitario, a través de sus exhibiciones y actividades, han sido utilizadas y reutilizadas para adquirir distintos significados en las exhibiciones, incorporando nuevos temas de discusión y proyectos de investigación en sintonía con los paradigmas de inclusión que están llevando a cabo este tipo de instituciones. Asimismo transmitimos algunas reflexiones, que han surgido de las mismas actividades que venimos desarrollando, que pueden ayudar a pensar las funciones que debe sostener un museo universitario para encuadrarse dentro de un discurso y de prácticas inclusivas.
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