This study described a group of strains obtained from a slaughter house in Mendoza, in terms of their pathogenic factors, serotype, antibiotype and molecular profile. Ninety one rectal swabs and one hundred eight plating samples taken from carcasses of healthy cattle intended for meat consumption were analyzed. Both the swab and the plate samples were processed to analyze the samples for the presence of virulence genes by PCR: stx1, stx2, eae and astA. The Stx positive strains were confirmed by citotoxicity assay in Vero cells. The isolates were subsequently investigated for their O:H serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular profile by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Twelve E.coli strains were identified by their pathogenicity. Nine were from fecal origin and three from carcasses. Three strains carried the stx1 gene, three the stx2 gene, two carried eae and four the astA gene. The detected serotypes were: O172:H-; O150:H8; O91:H21; O178:H19 and O2:H5. The strains showed a similarity around 70% by RAPD. Some of the E.coli strains belonged to serogroups known for certain life-threatening diseases in humans. Their presence in carcasses indicates the high probability of bacterial spread during slaughter and processing.
Argentina has one of the highest prevalence in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and the high rate of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in the world. Though preventive steps such as food safety have been implemented as a way to reduce STEC infections, these have proven to be insufficient. STEC's pathogenesis, virulence factors, relationship with the environment, and emerging strains have been studied in the past few years in the country. Many factors that contribute to the morbidity and mortality of STEC infections include the expression of pathologic genes, alternative characteristics (inhibition of phagocytosis, invasion, cytotoxicity, and bacterial attachment), and host factors (age, immune status, treatments, medical history). However, research studies in combination with epidemiological data suggest trends of the prognosis, with the relationship between and genetic combinations of adherence, Shiga toxin (Stx) genes, and virulence genes, which significantly influence disease outcomes. This review explains the characteristics and epidemiology of STEC in Argentina. All these facts show that the application of molecular subtyping techniques in real-time is essential for detecting and controlling outbreaks. Applying molecular subtyping techniques in hemorrhagic diarrhea can avoid severe consequences caused by progression to HUS, and help the epidemiological analysis of the outbreak.
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia, which causes secondary pathophysiological changes in multiple organ systems. Several times the Plantaginaceae family have been reported as crude drugs with hypoglycemic effect mainly attributed to their high fiber content.
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