The kinetics of crystallization of high-melting fraction (HMF) and a mixture of 40% HMF and 60% low-melting fraction (LMF) of milk fat were studied at 5 degrees C by time-resolved in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. HMF crystallized in the alpha polymorph, had a longer lifetime than the ones previously reported in pure milk fat, and was almost completely solid. The HMF/LMF mixture crystallized initially in the alpha form and transformed into the beta' polymorph, with a solid fat content much lower than that of HMF. The polymorphic change was therefore attributed to a delayed sudden formation of beta' mixed crystals from the uncrystallized melt. These findings are important for the food industry and as fundamental knowledge to improve our understanding of the origin of the macroscopic physical properties of solid milk fat fractions used in many manufacturing processes.

No abstract

The ICT4D discipline has faced criticisms of an uneven production of knowledge that reinforces a dichotomy between Global North-Western knowledge systems on the one side, and Global South-indigenous-Southern knowledge systems on the other. As a result, some ICT4D literature has examined the role of the researcher in reinforcing these biases and further exacerbating inequalities, thus highlighting the complex relationship between ICT4D researchers and the research process. Yet, most of this literature has focused on an insider/outsider researcher positionality. This paper explores the role of the researcher from the alternative position of inbetweenness, where researchers adopt more fluid and dynamic positions as reflexive spaces. To do this, we engage in a dialogical process of retrospective reflections based on ICT4D projects in Nigeria, Peru and West Africa. Through these cases, we identify how we experience inbetweenness in distinct ways: as liminal spaces, as performative spaces, and as spaces of disjuncture. We also examine how these forms of in-betweenness informed our research. We demonstrate that a researcher positionality of in-betweenness in ICT4D research can increase awareness of nuanced researcher roles and potentially avoid ethical dilemmas and reproducing biases.

Innovation is increasingly portrayed as central to social and economic development. Models of innovation from the global North are often applied uncritically in the global South. Doing so may unwittingly silence indigenous knowledge, ways of knowing, and cultural values. Santos (2014) has argued that this form of epistemic violence is committed when actors from the global North are insufficiently mindful of 'Epistemologies of the South'. Neither Santos nor the authors of this paper believe that there is nothing of value to be learned from the global North -only that there is as much to be learned from the global South -and everything to be gained from a skillful combination of different ways of knowing. This theoretical paper proposes a future line of research to examine in what ways Epistemologies of the South might inform innovation processes to produce different outcomes. We use the example of innovation hubs and although we might have used the philosophies of Ubuntu from Southern Africa or Swaraj from India, in this paper we use the lens of Buen Vivir (living well) from Andean and Amazonian communities in South America to suggest that another innovation is possible.

The term e‐agriculture refers to three things. It may mean the use of electronic media to promote and support agricultural programs, projects, and activities. An example is the harnessing of radio or television to disseminate innovation or support capacity development programs of national agriculture agencies. The term e‐agriculture is also used in reference to a movement within the international agricultural sector that advocates the use of information and communication technology for agricultural production, marketing, and advocacy. Part of this movement champions mobile phones and texting services for agricultural market information and crop decision support systems as well as food policy advocacy. Additionally, e‐agriculture refers to a global organization, a community of practice, engaged in the sharing and reuse of best practices and lessons learned using digital communication applications for agriculture via an established online platform administered by the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. This entry introduces these various developments that are associated with the term e‐agriculture. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Innovation hubs, hailed as coworking spaces that support collaboration, innovation, and entrepreneurship, are rapidly diffusing across different regions of the world. In this study we examine two innovation hubs situated in starkly different locations: London and Lusaka. We examine them from a social production of space perspective to understand how, despite similar self-defined framing as hubs, they differently enact the day-to-day physical and social spaces. Our study shows the need to recognize "multiplicity of spaces" and a sensitivity to the politics of lived differences between the celebrated imaginary and the performed local practices of innovation hubs, as part of a global phenomenon.

No abstract

ONCOFIT is a randomized clinical trial with a two-arm parallel design aimed at determining the influence of a multidisciplinary Prehabilitation and Postoperative Program (PPP) on post-surgery complications in patients undergoing resection of colon cancer. This intervention will include supervised physical exercise, dietary behavior change, and psychological support comparing its influence to the standard care. Primary and secondary endpoints will be assessed at baseline, at preoperative conditions, at the end of the PPP intervention (after 12 weeks) and 1-year post-surgery, and will include: post-surgery complications (primary endpoint); prolonged hospital length of stay; readmissions and emergency department call within 1-year after surgery; functional capacity; patient reported outcome measures targeted; anthropometry and body composition; clinical/tumor parameters; physical activity levels and sedentariness; dietary habits; other unhealthy habits; sleep quality; and fecal microbiota diversity and composition. Considering the feasibility of the present intervention in a real-life scenario, ONCOFIT will contribute to the standardization of a cost-effective strategy for preventing and improving health-related consequences in patients undergoing resection of colon cancer with an important clinical and economic impact, not only in the scientific community, but also in clinical practice.