Keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) is a form of skin cancer that develops in keratinocytes, which are the predominant cells present in the epidermis layer of the skin. Keratinocyte carcinoma comprises two sub-types, namely basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This review provides a holistic literature assessment of the origin, diagnosis methods, contributing factors, and current topical treatments of KC. Additionally, it explores the increase in KC cases that occurred globally over the past ten years. One of the principal concepts highlighted in this article is the adverse effects linked to conventional treatment methods of KC and how novel treatment strategies that combine phytochemistry and transdermal drug delivery systems offer an alternative approach for treatment. However, more in vitro and in vivo studies are required to fully assess the efficacy, mechanism of action, and safety profile of these phytochemical based transdermal chemotherapeutics.
This study investigated
a unique one-pot microwave-assisted green
synthesis method of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs)
using cannabidiol (CBD) as a capping and reducing agent. Furthermore,
Au and Ag NPs were also chemically synthesized using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone),
which functioned as reference materials when comparing the size, shape,
and cytotoxicity of NPs. Synthesis parameters such as reaction time,
temperature, and precursor molar ratio were optimized to control the
size and shape of the biosynthesized NPs. Various characterization
techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible
spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction
were used to confirm the formation and properties of Au and Ag NPs.
Both biosynthesized metal NPs were spherical and monodispersed, with
average particle sizes of 8.4 nm (Au-CBD) and 4.8 nm (Ag-CBD). This
study also explored the potential cytotoxicity of CBD-capped NPs in
human keratinocyte cells, which was observed to be of minimal concern.
The novel synthesis approach presented in this study is free from
harsh chemical reagents; therefore, these NPs can be used in a wide
array of applications, including the pharmaceutical and biomedical
fields.
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