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The journal considers articles on the following themes, provided the link to renewable and sustainable energy is clear and thoroughly examined: Energy resources-bioresources (e.g. biomass, waste), fossil fuels (including natural gas), geothermal, hydrogen, hydropower, nuclear, marine and ocean energy, solar and wind Applications-buildings, industry and transport Utilization-batteries, conversion technologies, fuel cells, storage technologies, technical developments and technology scaling Environment-atmosphere, climate issues, meteorology, mitigation technologies (e.g. carbon capture and storage (CCS), carbon capture and utilization (CCU), solar radiation management) Techno-socioeconomic aspects-health, industry, policy, political, regulatory, social (e.g. access, education, equality, equity) Systems-carbon accounting, energy-food-water nexus, energy modelling, life cycle assessment (LCA), nutrient-energy-water (NEW) nexus, smart infrastructure AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK 3 Nov 2020 www.elsevier.com/locate/rser 2 Sustainability-the United Nations Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) AUDIENCE. Scientists, researchers and consultants involved in all aspects of renewable energy.

Parabolic trough (PT) technology can be considered the state of the art for solar thermal power plants thanks to the almost 30 yr of experience gained in SEGS and, recently, Nevada Solar One plants in the United States and Andasol plant in Spain. One of the major issues that limits the wide diffusion of this technology is the high investment cost of the solar field and, particularly, of the solar collector. For this reason, research has focused on developing new solutions that aim to reduce costs. This paper compares, at nominal conditions, commercial Fresnel technology for direct steam generation with conventional parabolic trough technology based on synthetic oil as heat-transfer. The comparison addresses nominal conditions as well as annual average performance. In both technologies, no thermal storage system is considered. Performance is calculated by Thermoflex®, a commercial code, with a dedicated component to evaluate solar plant. Results will show that, at nominal conditions, Fresnel technology has an optical efficiency of 67%, which is lower than the 75% efficiency of the parabolic trough. Calculated net electric efficiency is about 19.25%, whereas PT technology achieves 23.6% efficiency. In off-design conditions, the performance gap between Fresnel and parabolic trough increases because the former is significantly affected by high incident angles of solar radiation. The calculated sun-to-electric annual average efficiency for a Fresnel plant is 10.2%, which is a consequence of the average optical efficiency of 38.8%; a parabolic trough achieves an overall efficiency of 16%, with an optical efficiency of 52.7%. An additional case with a Fresnel collector and synthetic-oil outlines the differences among the cases investigated. Since part of the performance difference between Fresnel and PT technologies is simply due to different definitions, we introduce additional indexes to make a consistent comparison. Finally, a simplified economic assessment shows that Fresnel collectors must reduce investment costs of at least 45% than parabolic trough to achieve the same levelized cost of electricity.

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