The objective of this report was to investigate the isolation and recovery of different biocompounds and bioproducts from wastes (skins and heads) that were obtained from five species discarded by fishing fleets (megrim, hake, boarfish, grenadier, and Atlantic horse mackerel). Based on chemical treatments, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bacterial fermentation, we have isolated and produced gelatinous solutions, oils that are rich in omega-3, fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) with antioxidant and antihypertensive activities, and peptones. FPHs showed degrees of hydrolysis higher than 13%, with soluble protein concentrations greater than 27 g/L and in vitro digestibilities superior to 90%. Additionally, amino acids compositions were always valuable and bioactivities were, in some cases, remarkable. Peptones that were obtained from FPHs of skin and the heads were demonstrated to be a viable alternative to expensive commercial ones indicated for the production of biomass, lactic acid, and pediocin SA-1 from Pediococcus acidilactici.
In the present work, we have developed a set of sequential and complementary alternatives to valorise five fish discards in order to recover and produce fish mince, oils, gelatins, fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) with antioxidant and antihypertensive properties and marine peptones. In this last case, microbial bioconversion of marine peptones was studied by Pediococcus acidilacti growth, a well-known valuable lactic acid bacterium, and the concomitant production of lactic acid and pediocin SA-1. Highly digestible FPHs with a good quality of amino acids composition and antioxidant and antihypertensive properties were easily produced. In the same bioprocess, fish oils with a healthy ω-3/ ω-6 ratio were also isolated. The use of peptones derived from FPHs as bacterial media nutrient (source of organic nitrogen) led to reduction of bioproductions costs between 2-5 folds in comparison with commercial culture medium.
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