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The current study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Hungarian version of the brief Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (Conflicto Trabajo – Familia, CCTF) using both homogeneous (social care workers, N = 206) and heterogeneous (N = 586) occupational samples. In order to examine construct validity, we explored both two-factor and bifactor models. Our findings provided greater support for the two-factor model (homogeneous sample: χ2 = 14.032, p = .379, df = 13; CFI = 0.999; NNFI = 0.998; RMSEA = 0.020 [0.000–0.051]; heterogeneous sample: χ2 = 40.213, p < .001 df = 13; CFI = 0.993; NNFI = 0.985; RMSEA = 0.060 [0.023–0.079]). Our results demonstrated good reliability (ω = 0.797–0.911) and predictive validity, which we tested by exploring the relation of the construct with burnout and psychosomatic symptoms. Our results suggest that the Hungarian version of the CCTF is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring both work-to-family and family-to-work conflict.

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Context Patients with HIV infection, both men and women, sometimes use dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) because of its reputation as a “youth hormone” which can improve mood and energy level. DHEA can be obtained without a prescription. However, endocrine effects of DHEA in HIV- infected individuals are poorly understood. We recently reported the endocrine effects of DHEA in HIV-infected men. We now present the results of a randomized placebo controlled double-blind study of endocrine effects of DHEA in HIV-infected women. Objective our aim was to explore the effects of DHEA on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, sex steroids, circulating insulin, adiponectin, IGF-I, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 in HIV infected premenopausal females. Subjects and Methods We conducted an 8-week randomized placebo controlled pilot trial of DHEA in HIV positive men and women with non-major depression. Increasing doses (100–400mg/day) of oral DHEA were administered. One hundred forty-five patients (122 men and 23 women) were randomized to receive either DHEA or placebo. 133 patients, including all 23 women, completed the trial. Of these women, 15 agreed to participate in the endocrine sub-study, conducted at the Weill Cornell GCRC. Of these, nine women were randomized to receive oral DHEA and six to placebo. Low (1mcg) dose ACTH, CRF and GnRH stimulation tests were performed in each subject before and after 8 weeks of treatment with DHEA or placebo. DHEA, DHT, total testosterone, free testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, estrone, estradiol, cortisol, insulin, IGF-1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3 and adiponectin in plasma or serum were measured before and after 8 weeks of treatment with DHEA or placebo. Wilcoxon Signed Rank and the Mann Whitney tests were used to analyze the data. Results There was a significant increase in mean DHEA-S concentration (ELISA assay) (from 95+/−88 ng/ml before the study to 1138+/−849 ng/ml at week 8 of treatment, p<0.008) in the DHEA group, but not in the placebo group. There was a significant increase in the mean total testosterone concentration (0.21+/−0.1 vs. 0.76+/−0.6 ng/ml, p<0.008) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentration (142.9+/−67 vs. 907.2+/−523 ng/ml, p<0.004) in the DHEA group but not in the placebo group. In addition, there was a significant increase in the estrone concentration in the DHEA group (144.3+/−83 vs 309.6+/−142 pg/ml, p<0.03) but not in the placebo group. There was a significant increase in the mean plasma concentrations of DHEA-S (p<0.032), DHEA (p<0.0006), total testosterone (p<0.01) and dihydrotestosterone (p<0.005) in the DHEA group when compared to the placebo group. There was no change in the cortisol concentration, fasting serum insulin, sex hormone binding globulin, free testosterone, estradiol, adiponectin, IGF-1, IGFBP-1 or IGFBP-3 concentrations, or ACTH, CRF or GnRH test results from week 1 to week 8 in either the DHEA or placebo groups. Conclusion We conclude that oral DHEA administration results in a significant increase in circulating DHEA-S, testosterone, DH...

Theoretical background: Research on burnout has widespread interest in mental health sciences. The Demands-Resources Model of Burnout represents a new direction in research. Similarly to the most popular model of burnout, the Multidimensional Model, it embeds burnout in an organizational framework. Goals: The purpose of this study is to analyze the dimensionality and divergent validity of the Mini Oldenburg Burnout Questionnaire (MOLBI), the measurement tool of the Demands-Resources Model. Our work also tests the multidimensional theory, which posits that the burnout dimensions are independent of one another and do not form a global burnout factor. Method: Participants' (n = 406 people, 59.1% female) mean age was 39.4 (SD = 11.06) years and most of them had a graduate degree. In addition to the MOLBI questionnaire, participants completed the Work-Family Balance and Mental Health Test. We conducted a parallel analysis and exploratory factor analysis to analyze the structure of MOLBI; a bifactor analysis and model-based reliability test to analyze the validity of global and specific factors. We assessed the relationships between MOLBI and other parameters with Kendall's tau-b correlation. Results: Our results showed that the original two-factor structure of the questionnaire fit our data best (χ2= 78.489, DF = 26, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.977; NNFI = 0.960; RMSEA = 0.068; RMSEA CI90:0.066-0.070). The reliabilities of factors and global scores were adequate. Besides, the bifactor analysis showed that the global burnout dimension and disengagement subscale had enough explanatory power. The exhaustion factor of burnout was moderately associated with work-family balance and resilience. The disengagement factor was moderately related to creative problem-solving capacity. Conclusions: MOLBI demonstrates appropriate psychometric characteristics and can be reliably used for the assessment of global burnout (with the total score) and disengagement. Therefore, it fits the dimensional perspective of mental health problems. Considering the construct and divergent validity analysis, exhaustion and global burnout show a similar correlation pattern, while disengagement measures the motivational and behavioral aspects of the phenomenon.Elméleti háttér: A kiégés kutatása széleskörű érdeklődésre tart számot a mentális- és egészségtudományokban. A kutatásban új irányt képvisel a kiégés Követelmény-Erőforrás Modellje, amely a fogalom legnépszerűbb modelljéhez, a Multidimenzionális modellhez hasonlóan szervezeti keretbe ágyazza a kiégés jelenségét. Cél: Tanulmányunk célja a kiégés Követelmény-Erőforrás Modelljéhez mérőeszközként illeszkedő Mini Oldenburg Kiégés Kérdőív (MOLBI) pszichometriai elemzése. Munkánk kiemelten vizsgálja a multidimenzionális teória egyik alapvető állítását, miszerint a kiégés dimenziók egymástól függetlenek és nem alkotnak egy globális kiégés faktort. Módszer: A vizsgálatban 406 fő vett részt (59,1% nő). Átlagosan 39,4 (SD = 11,06) évesek és legtöbbjük felsőfokú végzettségű. A résztvevők a MOLBI kérdőív mellett a Munkahely-Család Egyensúly és a Mentális Egészség Kérdőívet is kitöltötték. A MOLBI struktúrájának elemzésére parallel analízist és feltáró faktoranalízist alkalmaztunk. A globális és specifikus faktorok létjogosultságának elemzésére bifaktor elemzést és modellfüggő megbízhatósági vizsgálatokat végeztünk. A MOLBI kapcsolatrendszerét Kendall tau-b korrelációval elemeztük. Eredmények: Eredményeink azt mutatták, hogy a kérdőív kétfaktoros eredeti faktorstruktúrája megerősíthető (χ2 = 78,489, DF = 26, p < 0,001; CFI = 0,977; NNFI = 0,960; RMSEA = 0,068 ; RMSEA CI90:0,066-0,070). A dimenziók megfelelő reliabilitás értékekkel rendelkeztek. Emellett a bifaktor elemzés eredményei szerint a kérdőív két faktorának összege - a teljes kiégés dimenzió - is megfelelő magyarázó erővel bírt. A kiégés kimerülés faktora elsősorban a munka-család egyensúllyal, valamint a rezilienciával mutatott közepes erősségű kapcsolatot. Következtetések: A MOLBI megfelelő pszichometriai paraméterekkel rendelkező mérőeszköz, amelynek alkalmazásával mind a teljes kiégés, mind a kiábrándultság megbízhatóan mérhető. Ezáltal jól illeszkedik a klinikai diagnosztikában jelenleg uralkodó dimenzionális szemlélethez. A vizsgálatban használt konstruktum és divergens validitás elemzését figyelembe véve, a kimerültség és a teljes kiégés hasonló korrelációs mintázatot mutat, a kiábrándultság viszont a jelenség motivációs és cselekvéses aspektusát méri.

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