Background Cancer of the larynx in the intermediate/advanced stage still presents a major challenge in terms of controlling the disease and preserving the organ. Among therapeutic options, open partial horizontal laryngectomy is proposed as a function‐sparing surgical technique. Methods We analyzed the clinical outcomes of 555 patients with laryngeal cancer staged pT3 to pT4a who underwent open partial horizontal laryngectomy. Results Five‐year overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), locoregional control, local control, laryngectomy‐free survival, and laryngeal function preservation rates were 84.6%, 84.2%, 86.3%, 90.6%, 93.3%, and 91.2%, respectively. DFS, locoregional control, and laryngeal function preservation rates were significantly affected by pT4a staging (68.1%, 71.7%, and 78.0%, respectively), whereas pN+ influenced only DFS (≤72.6%) and locoregional control (≤79.6%). Conclusions Open partial horizontal laryngectomy with a modular approach can be considered effective in terms of prognostic and functional results in intermediate‐stage and selected advanced‐stage laryngeal cancers, even with subglottic extension. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E649–E657, 2016

Rastaldo R, Cappello S, Folino A, Berta GN, Sprio AE, Losano G, Samaja M, Pagliaro P. Apelin-13 limits infarct size and improves cardiac postischemic mechanical recovery only if given after ischemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 300: H2308 -H2315, 2011. First published March 4, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01177.2010.-We studied whether apelin-13 is cardioprotective against ischemia/reperfusion injury if given as either a pre-or postconditioning mimetic and whether the improved postischemic mechanical recovery induced by apelin-13 depends only on the reduced infarct size or also on a recovery of function of the viable myocardium. We also studied whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved in apelin-induced protection and whether the reported ischemia-induced overexpression of the apelin receptor (APJ) plays a role in cardioprotection. Langendorffperfused rat hearts underwent 30 min of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. Left ventricular pressure was recorded. Infarct size and lactate dehydrogenase release were determined to evaluate the severity of myocardial injury. Apelin-13 was infused at 0.5 M concentration for 20 min either before ischemia or in early reperfusion, without and with NO synthase inhibition by N G -nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA). In additional experiments, before ischemia also 1 M apelin-13 was tested. APJ protein level was measured before and after ischemia. Whereas before ischemia apelin-13 (0.5 and 1.0 M) was ineffective, after ischemia it reduced infarct size from 54 Ϯ 2% to 26 Ϯ 4% of risk area (P Ͻ 0.001) and limited the postischemic myocardial contracture (P Ͻ 0.001). L-NNA alone increased postischemic myocardial contracture. This increase was attenuated by apelin-13, which, however, was unable to reduce infarct size. Ischemia increased APJ protein level after 15-min perfusion, i.e., after most of reperfusion injury has occurred. Apelin-13 protects the heart only if given after ischemia. In this protection NO plays an important role. Apelin-13 efficiency as postconditioning mimetic cannot be explained by the increased APJ level. APJ receptor; ischemia/reperfusion; myocardial protection; preconditioning APELIN IS THE ENDOGENOUS LIGAND for the G protein-coupled APJ receptor. Human, mouse, rat, and cow apelin genes encode a 77-amino acid preprotein with the active sequence in the COOH-terminal region (19,43). Various fragments of apelin have been isolated and classified according to the number of amino acids. Among fragments, apelin-13 and -36 are the most frequently studied, and apelin-13 is considered the most active of them (40). Apelin receptors APJ have been found to be similar to angiotensin II receptor type 1 (25,30,43), but angiotensin II does not bind to APJ receptors (14, 30).Apelin mRNA is expressed in several organs and tissues. In the cardiovascular system, apelin and APJ receptors occur in vascular smooth muscle, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes (21,22). Apelin exerts a positive inotropic effect (2, 42) and a nitric oxide (NO)-driven vasodilator activity (14, 15). It protect...

Anterior cT3 tumors are manageable by OPHL, and this approach could also be proposed in the treatment of early anterior cT4aN0. Despite promising results, OPHLs should be considered under investigation in posterior cT3 tumors due to clinical and biological behavior similar to cT4a tumors.

Although the periodontal therapy successfully decreased clinical signs of inflammation, the GCF levels of some inflammatory cytokines were still elevated.