Previous research results indicate visual information processing asymmetry in case of visual verbal stimuli. However, other studies that investigate nonverbal stimuli processing show inconsistent effect of laterality. Although differences between left- and right-handers can be found in tasks that involve letters, spatial attention stimuli and visuomotor control performance, the differences between the two groups almost disappear in several directional preference tasks, suggesting that direction preference is influenced mainly by writing and reading habits. Perceiving visual art involves visual attention, that is driven by the bottom-up aspects of the visual stimuli, therefore perception of nonverbal images, that contain geometrical forms might be influenced by handedness. To assess the possible differences in visual symmetry- asymmetry preference, university students (N = 65) were divided into two groups based on handedness, and as a measurement we used simple- complex- symmetrical and asymmetrical geometrical forms. Our main result shows a significant effect of stimuli complexity on symmetry-asymmetry preference. The interaction effect between handedness and symmetry-asymmetry type was not significant. After conducting a pairwise comparison our results show that right-handers evaluate simple and complex symmetrical forms as more preferable than simple and complex asymmetrical forms. We also found that there is a preference for symmetry over asymmetry in both groups, however these differences are significant only in the right-handed group. We conclude that preference for symmetrical geometrical forms is not influenced by handedness, however preference for complexity is affected by right-handedness. To extend these results, further investigations are needed.
Several studies point to the relationship between callous-unemotional (CU) traits and symptoms of conduct disorder (CD) across different age groups. In case of young children and adolescents, it was found that in the presence of CU traits, externalizing behaviors are significantly more severe, as opposed to children who do not show CU traits. Integrating results from 11 studies, we analyzed data collected from n = 4381 participants from different age groups, ranging from toddlers to adolescents, to draw attention to the relationship between CU traits and symptoms of CD in this population. There was found a moderate, significant positive correlation (r = 0.37, 95 % CI [0.34, 0.44], p less than 0.001) between CU traits and symptoms of CD. Moderation analysis suggests that gender does not affect the strength of this relationship, as opposed to age and type of informant, which influence the relationship between CU traits and symptoms of CD, as moderator variables. Results support the idea that CU traits should be monitored and paid close attention to starting from a very young age, in order to prevent the development of clinical problems.
In recent years, the topic of executive functions has been in the focus of clinical psychology because of the associations that have been observed between the appearance of several clinical symptoms and the underdevelopment of executive functions. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions - Adult Version (BRIEF - A) is a self-reporting questionnaire which aims to measure constructs of the executive functions, such as shifting, inhibitory control, emotion regulation, self-monitoring, initiating, working memory, planning/organizing, task-monitoring, and material organizing. The aim of the study is to create a shorter version of the questionnaire, as well as to examine its psychometric properties, its reliability and validity on a population of 289 Transylvanian Hungarian adults. The three factor model resulting from the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed good fit indices (CFI = .946, ?2/df = 1.88, RMSEA = .056, GFI = .918) during the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), thus assuring construct validity. The short version of the questionnaire proved to be reliable (Cronbach ? = .898) and valid in measuring the executive functions among the Transylvanian Hungarian adult population.
Inspirations refers to an evoked state of creativity, which implies motivation, evocation, and transcendence. Traditionally in the literature inspiration is divided to two states such as being inspired by or inspired to. Inspiration is influenced by information and knowledge, nevertheless several studies indicate a positive association between academic major and inspiration occurrence frequency. Previous study results indicate that domain specific knowledge such as visual art has a major impact on visual stimuli processing, reasoning, and evaluation. Although inspiration is claimed to be a fundamental phenomenon on the artistic creativity, its psychological importance has been often neglected. In the current study we investigated the influence of visual art expertise on inspiration frequency, using the Vienna Art Interest and Art Knowledge Questionnaire (VAIAK) and Inspiration Scale (IS). We specified art expertise on the dimensions of art interest and art knowledge. Participants with different art experiences have been gathered (N = 77) and were distributed into three separate groups by their visual art experience acquisition (art experience in higher education, art experience in high school, and self-taught artists). Our main results indicate a significant effect of art knowledge on inspiration frequency, indicating that participants with higher art knowledge scores experience inspiration frequently compared to participants with scores under average. Neither art experience acquisition nor art interest have been found to have a significant effect on inspiration frequency. Our result show evidence for a significant interaction effect between art interest and art knowledge on inspiration frequency. Our results are in line with results from previous studies regarding art knowledge and inspiration state experience frequencies. Although inspiration frequency might be determined by art knowledge, we can conclude that art experience acquisition does not influence inspiration frequency.
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