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A functional family is the basic condition for optimal social functioning of all its members. Through fulfilment of functions imposed by society, family creates a safe environment for survival and development of family members. Family functioning depends on functioning of family in different dimensions. One of the key dimensions is communication. Therefore, it is possible for a comprehensive look at the family as a social system neglected area of family communication. The aim of our study was to investigate how financial income affects the communication in the family system. For assessing family communication, as one of the dimensions of family functioning was used the Family Assessment Device (FAD). The research sample consisted of 310 respondents living below the poverty line. The reference group consisted of 310 respondents living in families with income standard. The analysis of results show negative impact of low financial income on the family communication. Low-income families showed a higher degree of distortion in communication than the standard income families. Financial income of families affects the functioning of communication among its members. When working with families living below the poverty line, we need pay attention to the development of new communication patterns and promote a clear and direct communication between family members.

The aim of the study is to examine the relationships between attitudes towards communication skills, self-evaluation of communication abilities, and sense of coherence among students of nursing. A cross-sectional correlational study design was employed. Altogether, 227 university nursing students participated in the study (20.53 ± 2.04; 96.9% females). Communication Skills Attitudes Scale (CSAS), Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), and short self-evaluation scale of communication ability of own design were used. The results showed a high average score in the positive attitudes subscale and moderate negative attitudinal scores in the CSAS questionnaire, as well as positive self-evaluation of the communication abilities among students. The positive subscale of the CSAS was positively related to the sense of coherence (p = 0.05), while the negative subscale of the CSAS was negatively related to the sense of coherence (p ≤ 0.001). The study showed that sense of coherence is associated with more positive attitudes towards communication skills. Understanding the factors associated with the effective communication strategies provides an important base for improving the content of the current communication curriculum in nursing study programs.

Abstract. The family is the primary socializing factor. Its mission is to create a stable and safe environment for the child and for his comprehensive development. The role of parents is to give to a child the values and norms accepted in the society, which is a prerequisite for successful integration of a child into society. That is why the upbringing function of the family is regarded as one of the main. This feature is, however, influenced by many factors. The goal of the study was to find how poverty affects parenting. For the data collection was used questionnaire Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ), which measures parenthood through five dimensions (1) positive involvement with children, (2) Supervision and monitoring, (3) use of positive discipline techniques, (4) consistency in Theus of discipline chniques, (5) use of corporal punishment. The sample was divided into two groups, with the first group consisted of 188 parents living in poverty The reference group consisted of parents living in households with income standard (N -188). Analysis of the results showed differences between parents living in poverty and between parents with a standard rate of income especially in monitoring and supervision, and also in the use of positive disciplinary techniques. On the contrary, there were no significant differences in cooperation between the parents or the use of corporal punishment. Based on the results it is clear that poverty is one of the factors affecting parenting. Therefore, social worker who works with lowincome families should focus attention on this area of family functioning.

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Abstract. Family is a basic social group, which influences one's life in all its stages. Through optimal fulfilment of functions which are imposed by society, it creates a safe environment for survival and development of family members. It is an essential factor in socializing and significantly affects the social functioning of its members. The family is also a dynamic system whose functioning operates a number of internal but also external factors. One of these factors is family income. The aim of our study is to investigate which dimensions and aspects of family functioning are threatened by living below the breadline. For assessing individual dimension of family functioning we used the Family Assessment Device (FAD). Quantitative analysis showed disruption of the functioning of the family system in all dimensions. The greatest family disruption was found in dimensions of role, behaviour control and affective involvement.Poverty is a social problem that negatively affects all dimensions of family system functioning. In order to provide effective help and intervention to the family, it is essential that the social worker is able to correctly identify problem areas and appropriately choose methods and procedures aimed at restoration of family functioning.

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