Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome of unknown origin characterized by several symptoms, and although its pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated, it seems to be related to inflammatory path-ways and neurochemical changes in the brain. Objective: To evaluate the association between BsmI, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, their polymorphisms, and clinical variables in women with and without FM. Methods: This is a case-control study composed of a group of 53 women with FM and another with 40 women without the disease. The McGill Pain Questionnaire, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Pain Visual Analogue Scale and the sit-up test were applied. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the ApaI and FokI polymorphism. Results: There was a statistical association between race, comorbidity and FM, where 78.4% of the individuals were white and had FM (p < 0.002) and 96.1% had some comorbidity (p < 0.001). Seventy-six point five percent (76.5%) of patients with FM underperformed in the sit-up test (p < 0.001). There was also an association between the genotypic and allele frequencies of the VDR and FM gene Apal and FokI polymorphisms (p < 0.001). In the VDR gene ApaI polymorphism, the CC genotype exhibited a higher frequency in women with FM, the C allele for the Apal polymorphism was 3.33 times more likely, and the FokI polymorphism was 10.9 times more likely to develop FM (p < 0,0001). Conclusion: Women with C allele for ApaI polymorphism are 3.33 times more likely to have FM (95%CI = 1.58-7.02; p = 0.0024), and in FokI polymorphism, the prevalence of T allele is 10.9 times greater (95% CI = 4.76-25.38; p < 0.0001). No significant associations were found in relation to BsmI polymorphism and frequency alleles (p = 0.062 and p = 0.078, respectively).
Considering the wide use of functional tests and that faster and simpler evaluations are preferable, this study aimed to verify the association between five protocols of simple functional tests (timed up and go [TUG], four-meter gait speed [4MGS] and sit-to-stand [STS] in five-repetitions [STS5rep], 30-seconds [STS30sec] and one-minute [STS1min] protocols) and the six-minute walk test (6MWT), as well as physical activity in daily life (PADL) in healthy young subjects. In this cross-sectional study, PADL was quantified by a pedometer validated for step counting and we considered the mean of seven consecutive days during the time awake. We assessed functional capacity by the TUG, 4MGS, STS5rep, STS30sec, and STS1min tests and the 6MWT. A total of 79 subjects without lung functional impairments were included (49% male, aged 28 [23-36] years). Performance of simple functional tests correlated with the 6MWT (0.23<r <0.56; P<0.05 for all) and the TUG test showed the best association (R2= 0.34). However, simple functional tests did not correlate with PADL (0.03< r <0.13; P>0.05 for all). The less time-consuming functional tests were weakly-moderately related to the 6MWT in healthy young subjects. The TUG showed the best association and explained up to 34% of the 6MWT. However, the 6MWT cannot be replaced by none of these simple functional tests. Finally, functional capacity showed no association with physical activity in daily life assessed by the pedometers in this population.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.