General Circulation and Earth System Models are the most advanced tools for investigating climate responses to future scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions, playing the role of projecting the climate throughout the century. Nevertheless, climate projections are model-dependent and may show systematic biases, requiring a bias correction for any further application. Here, we provide a dataset based on an ensemble of 19 bias-corrected CMIP6 climate models projections for the Brazilian territory based on the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. We used the Quantile Delta Mapping approach to bias-correct daily time-series of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, solar net radiation, near-surface wind speed, and relative humidity. The bias-corrected dataset is available for both historical (1980–2013) and future (2015–2100) simulations at a 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution. Besides the gridded product, we provide area-averaged projections for 735 catchments included in the Catchments Attributes for Brazil (CABra) dataset. The dataset provides important variables commonly used in environmental and hydroclimatological studies, paving the way for the development of high-quality research on climate change impacts in Brazil.

Understanding catchment hydrological responses to rainfall 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴 , represented by the water balance components streamflow 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴 and evapotranspiration 𝐴𝐴 ET , and how they vary with climate and landscape properties is crucial for water-related issues and remains as one of the major challenges in hydrological studies (Gnann et al., 2019;Padrón et al., 2017;Williams et al., 2012). Despite the importance of understanding the relationship between 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴 and catchment's climatic and physiographic properties, additional insight into water balance partitioning can be gained by looking into the decomposition of streamflow in its components (Sivapalan et al., 2011). The two-step water balance proposed by L'vovich (1979), assumes that 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴 may be disaggregated into two primary components: direct runoff 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐷𝐷 and baseflow 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵 . The former represents the fast response of a catchment to a rainfall event, while the latter denotes the slow response, representing the water stored in the catchment system (Meira Neto et al., 2020;Price, 2011;Zhang & Schilling, 2006). As a quick response, 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐷𝐷 is usually associated with flood and soil erosion hazards, while 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵 is related to water supply and aquifer recharge issues. Accurate knowledge of streamflow components and how they are controlled by climate, land use conditions, and catchments' physiographic characteristics is of primary importance to improve water resources management strategies and to provide additional insights into water balance partitioning, especially in a context of changing climate and increasing water demand (

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