Modifications of chromatin activity, induced by sex steroids, were studied in rat endometrial tissues by the following semi-quantitative cytochemical methods: 'staining' of fixed uteri by [3H]actinomycin-D followed by radioautography and cytophotometric evaluation of Feulgen reaction kinetics in isolated endometrial nuclei. The following hormonal treatments were applied to groups of animals: oestradiol-17 \g=b\(10\g=m\g);progesterone (2 mg); progesterone (2 mg daily for 4 days) with oestradiol-17\g=b\(0\ m=.\05\g=m\g on the 4th day). With both cytochemical methods, different hormonal treatments were found to induce different patterns of response in endometrial cell types. In luminal epithelium and endometrial stroma, hormonal treatment increased the binding of actinomycin-D in a variable manner as judged from autoradiographic grain counts. Sex steroids also induced an overall increased DNA acid-lability as estimated by cytophotometric evaluation of Feulgen staining intensity. Hormonal treatments induced different hydrolysis curve patterns in both endometrial nuclear types.
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