Seven percent voluntary body weight decrease by boxers requires 21 days while 4.4 percent increase needs only one day. Energy and fluid intakes reduction does not affect boxers punching force. Boxers effective punch masses and body weights correlate. Wrist girths and competition rankings of boxers correlate. Boxers show leanness body fat percentage. Boxers, generally highly mesomorphic, with increasing body weight, show ectomorphy decreases but endomorphy and mesomorphy increases. Vibration treatment enhances power in boxers arm flexors. Presence, nature and thickness of bandages and gloves donned influence boxers punch force. Stance posture adopted by boxers ends in locomotion functional parameters adaptations. Muscular recruitment sequence during rear straight punches may be influenced by the target height (head or body levels) and the boxer intention (produce maximal force or maximal speed). Handgrip strength: 1) increases from younger to older and from lighter to heavier boxers, and 2) correlates with competition ranking. Rear knee extension increases rear straight punching force to the head. Compared to uppercut and straight punches, the hook produces the highest change in hand velocity. Maximal forces are larger for the rear than the lead hand, and greater in more than in less experienced boxers. Hook punch force is greater than those of uppercut and straight punches. Boxer aim (produce maximum force or maximum speed) influence his punching force. Massage neither prevents a decrement in repeated performance nor has detrimental effects on performance, but increases recovery perceptions, compared with the passive rest intervention.
High level performance is influenced by the three somatotype components: endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy. Mesomorphy is the most important of the three for boxing practice. An increase in ectomorphy rating is always accompanied by a decrease in mesomorphy rating. Is thus a higher ectomorphy rating overtaxing and/or counterproductive for boxing performance? That is the basis of the present study and the results follow. Boxing could overtax the practitioner the least at the ectomorphy rating value of 2.5. With increasing and with decreasing rating values from 2.5, boxing could overtax even more the practitioner. At the ectomorphy rating of 2.5, boxing is counterproductive: one finds lowest percentages of KO victories and of all victories (KO and non-KO) pulled together; as well as highest percentages of non-KO losses and of all losses (KO and non-KO) pulled together. With boxers ectomorphy rating moving from 2.5 towards 0.1 or towards 5.1, there are: an increase in all victories (KO and non-KO) pulled together percentages and the consequent decrease in all losses (KO and non-KO) pulled together percentages; an increase in KO victories percentages and the consequent decrease in non-KO victories percentages; and a increase in KO losses percentages and the consequent decrease in non-KO losses percentages. With boxer ectomorphy ratings increasing from 0.1 to 5.1, percentages of draws go on decreasing. Taking into account ectomorphy ratings could thus help organizers select boxers so as to increase the probability of a given decision: KO victory by Mike Tyson, non-KO victory by Ken Buchanan, for instance.
There exist many factors that may have influenced the performance of the only four Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) competitors at the 2012 London Olympic Games. However, in the present article, the attention is focused only on available anthropometric factors. Computer carried out the analysis of the ages, heights and/or weights of all the competitors of some divisions at the 2012 London Olympic Games [super heavyweight male boxers (more than 91 kg); male judokas weighing 100 kg and over; women who ran the 1500 m race; and men who ran the marathon]. An examined clip showed the contribution of factors others than anthropometric to the early defeat of the Congolese boxer Mwamba Meji at the 2012 London Olympic Games (inadequate wearing of boxing helmet, wearing of boots inappropriate to boxing practice, the imperfection of boxing guard, errors of tactics, face showing fear of the opponent's attacks). None of the three aforesaid anthropometric factors contributed to the boxer's defeat. Inadequate anthropometric factors that caused early defeats of the three other Congolese competitors at the 2012 London Olympic Games were: 1) the relative age of the male judoka Mandembo Cedric when compared with that of his opponent, and his too short absolute height; 2) the too young age, the too short height and the too light weight of the 1500 m female runner Ilunga Sankuru Chancel; as well as 3) the too young age and the too short height of the marathon male runner Ilunga Zatara Mande.
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