Introdução: O câncer de boca está entre o sexto e o oitavo tipo de câncer mais comum em todo o mundo. Dentre os principais fatores de risco relacionados aos tumores malignos orais encontram-se o tabaco, álcool e a radiação solar ultravioleta. A prevenção destes fatores de risco está entre os mais importantes desafios de saúde pública da atualidade. Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento dos trabalhadores rurais, grupo de risco para câncer de boca, acerca da prevenção e diagnóstico precoce da neoplasia. Métodos: A amostra contou com 100 participantes, sendo os dados coletados através de questionário estruturado com perguntas relativas ao conhecimento sobre o câncer de boca, fatores de risco, diagnóstico precoce e prevenção. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram prevalência de indivíduos do sexo feminino, residentes na zona rural, expostos ao sol de 5 a 8 horas por dia. Sobre o conhecimento de câncer de boca, 40% relacionou-o com algum tipo de doença, 54% que o principal fator de risco seria a falta de higiene, e 44% respondeu que a forma de prevenir seria com cuidados de higiene. 29% dos participantes fazem uso de bebida alcoólica e 14% de cigarro. Dos entrevistados que utilizam formas de proteção, 71,27% utilizam apenas chapéu ou boné. Entre os participantes da pesquisa, 91% nunca realizou o autoexame. Conclusão: Os trabalhadores apresentam desconhecimento a respeito do câncer de boca e fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento desta neoplasia. Torna-se indispensável instituir um programa de prevenção e diagnóstico precoce desta doença em populações de risco.
Objective: Evaluate the influence of head and neck radiotherapy dose on periodontal tissue for to understanding of its adverse effects, and consequently to propose strategies to reduce its severity. Methodology: An observational, longitudinal and prospective study with intraoral clinical examinations performed before radiotherapy (T0) and immediately after the end of radiation therapy. The clinical data collected regarding oral and periodontal hygiene conditions were visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth (PD), gingival recession area, clinical attachment level (CAL), degree of mobility and presence or absence of suppuration. In addition, data such as radiation dose, fractionation and duration of radiotherapy were reported. Results: Fourteen patients were evaluated, of which 11 had periodontitis after the radiotherapy, and 9 had poor oral hygiene conditions after the radiotherapy. Seven of the 11 subjects with periodontitis presented tumors in the oral cavity. There was a decrease in visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI). The research was unable to establish a significant association between radiation therapy and oral hygiene condition and periodontitis. Conclusion: Poor oral hygiene conditions predominated in the sample, which can be associated with the presence of debilitating conditions. Direct radiation on the oral cavity may have an influence on the development of periodontitis. The development of gingivitis only and periodontitis was not influenced by dose, fraction or duration of radiotherapy in the study period.
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