Cardiovascular disease causes increased mortality in chronic hemodialysed patients. The decrease of vascular calcification is one of the main targets in the management of these patients. According to several experimental and clinical trials, choosing the proper diet and prescribing vitamin K2 supplements help to improve prognosis and decrease mortality, but further larger researchers are required to advocate the importance of this dietary intervention in hemodialysed population.

Cardiovascular comorbidities have a high rate of prevalence in the chornically hemodialysed patient. The link between these two affections is due to several factors which have a major role in the onset of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypervolemia, nutritional disorders, anemia, hyperuricemia, bone mineral disorders, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis. There is also a tight connection between chronic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases in the chronically hemodialysed patient.

Due to the increasing number of patients in recent years, diabetes represents one of the major medical concerns. This is owed to the meaningful impact this disease has on patients� quality of life and secondary to its complications over patient survival. Diabetic nephropathy epitomises one of the complications in these patients and plays a significant role in establishing their life expectancy.

Clinical nutrition represents one of the main tools the clinician has to help prevent, control and in some cases, treat different diseases. In this context, diabetes mellitus is a disorder for which the nutrition plan is one of major importance, both in preventing the disease, as well as in its evolution. Thus, the complications that can occur during its progression represent one of the major stimuli to adjust the non-pharmacological treatment (the diet). In the initial stages of the disease, daily intake of carbohydrates monitoring and weight control of the patient are mandatory. Subsequently, the development of diabetic renal disease and diabetic nephropathy are important arguments in favor of daily protein intake adjustment in these patients.

Polyurethane foam has numerous applications, from furniture to medical field. As a wound dressing creates a moisture environment that promotes epithelialization and diminishes pain. A prospective study was realized to evaluate polyurethane foam efficacy in treating chronic wounds due to venous, arterial or diabetic causes. Our evaluation showed good results with an accelerated epithelialization.

Negative pressure wound therapy is one of the newest methods of treatment used in wound healing. An important role of the system has a foam dressing that connects the wound with the vacuum. In general the sponge used in vacuum assisted therapies is made of polyurethane foam. We present the case of a 51-year-old male patient with a history of deep vein thrombosis (known for about 3 years) diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis (NF). In this patient, after each step of the surgical treatment (large debridement and skin grafting) negative pressure wound therapy using polyurethane foam was used.

Chronic wounds have a long period of healing, being impeded by numerous factors, as infections. Polyhexanidine is a new broad spectrum antiseptic with non-toxic action which is used lately in wound cleaning solutions. A case control study was realized with two groups of patients treated with silver sulfodiazine and with polyhexanidine, the last group having an accelerated healing evolution. Besides the bactericide action, polyhexanidine has also no cytotoxicity, good tolerability and anti-inflammatory proprieties.

We present the case of a 65 year old female patient with a history of bilateral hydronephrosis (known for about 3 years) diagnosed with keratinizing squamous carcinoma and chronic kidney disease. The low adherence of the patient to the uterine cervical cancer screening program led to the diagnosis of tumor in an advanced stage. In this patient, specific urological treatment (bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy) was not associated with significant improvement in renal function, and therefore she was deemed ESRD, dialysis dependent.