Biochar and compost applications are alternative in improving soil chemical properties, such as Ultisol soil and utilizing the current abundance of biomass waste. Biochar has long available properties and takes longer to decompose than compost. This study aims to compare the effect of biochar and compost for several months of incubation on soil chemical properties. This research was conducted with several pot from plastic cup and placed in a greenhouse using a non-factorial randomized block design with control, biochar and compost treatments taken from rice straw biomass, empty palm oil bunches, and cow dung, with 3 replications. The parameters measured were pH H2O, C-Organic, N-total, and available P. The results indicate that the provision of biochar and compost can increase the pH of H2O, C-Organic, N-total, and P available in Ultisol soil for 1,2 and 3 months of incubation. Biochar is better at increasing available pH, C-Organic, N-total, and P than compost with the best treatment found in Biochar from cow dung biomass and oil palm empty bunches. Meanwhile, the treatment of cow manure compost was better at increasing pH H2O during incubation time and nutrients in Ultisol soil, followed by compost of empty palm oil bunches and straw.
The aims of this study were to find out how the growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) responds to the application of bokashi fertilizer and got the best dose of bokashi fertilizer for growth and yield of sorghum. This study was designed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) experimental method. Giving of bokashi fertilizer with various dosages in sorghum plants can give a good response to the growth and production of sorghum plants. Giving of bokashi fertilizer with a dosage of 15 tons/ha or equivalent to 6.48 kg/plot (P3) resulted better plant growth than other treatments, with an average plant height of 204.94 cm at the age of 56 days after planting (DAP), the number of tillers flat average 5.50 tillers at the age of 28 DAP, fastest flowering age was 55.75 DAP, average wet biomass 1710.25 g/plant, fresh weight cobs in average of 129.06 g/plant, average yield was 1892,50 g/plot, average of weight of 1000 seeds was 12.63 g. Giving of bokashi fertilizer with a dosage of 17.5 tons/ha or equivalent to 7.56 kg/plot (P4) resulted the number of leaves in average of 17.69 at the age of 56 DAP and panicle length average of 40.06 cm. Giving of bokashi fertilizer with a dosage of 10 tons/ha or equivalent to 4.32 kg/plot (P1) resulted the number of panicle branches in average of 46.75 branches.
Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil biomassa terbesar. Secara umum pemanfaatan biomassa dilakukan dengan cara pengomposan, menghasilkan humus yg sangat berguna bagi tanaman, tetapi proses pengomposan akan banyak menghilangkan karbon dan lepas ke udara, dan ini merupakan masalah besar bagi dunia karena akan meningkatkan pemanasan global. Tetapi ada bentuk lain pemanfaatan biomassa yg terkini yaitu dikonversi dalam bentuk biochar yg diketahui mempertahankan karbon dalam jangka yg cukup lama bahkan hingga ratusan tahun. Meskipun kompos relatif mudah terdekomposisi, tetapi memiliki kelebihan dalam menyediakan unsur hara dalam jangka pendek, sedangkan biochar dapat digunakan sebagai bahan amandemen tanah dalam waktu panjang. Melihat potensi yang ada pada konversi biomassa dalam bentuk kompos dan biochar dalam sehingga diperlukan tulisan untuk menelaah manfaat dan kegunaan kedua bentuk hasil konversi biomassa ini, khususnya dalam memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah, sehingga kita dapat memilih mana yang terbaik dalam pemanfaatan biomassa untuk kelangsungan kehidupan manusia dan alam sekitarnya.
Abstract. The aims of this study were to determine the potential for acute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with LD50 and the histopathological changes in liver and kidney of mice.This research used experimental method as per fixed dose method. The number of animals used in this research were 20 female mice. The study was divided into 2 steps, there were sighting and main studies. The control group was given Na-CMC 0.5%, the treatment groups were given ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 5, 50, 300, 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw did not show any toxicity signs. At a dose of 5,000 mg/kg bw caused hydropic degeneration, necrosis hepatocyte, glomerular atrophy, and tubular dilatation. There was no mortality was observed.It was estimated that LD50 of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves was higher than 5,000 mg/kg bw and the extract were practically non-toxic. Keywords: Acute Toxicity, Annona squamosa, Ethanolic Extract
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