This article examines resistance discourses created and disseminated by a religious minority in Indonesia called Gerakan Ahmadiyah Indonesia (GAI) to counter any negative portrayals and religious-based discriminations. Ahmadiyah is a self-defined sect of Islam that has been the target of physical attacks and discursive discrimination in Indonesia. This analysis focuses on identifying discourse topics raised and strategies employed by one of the Ahmadiyya groups in the country called GAI to reveal their resistance and defend their ‘Islamic’ faith. Various texts produced in different genres namely statements and comments published in media, books, speeches and various articles published online in GAI’s official websites are used as the data which were collected during field research in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The analysis found that, in order to counter discriminatory discourses, the GAI Ahmadis present various resistance discourse themes such as distinguishing themselves from Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia, justifying their Islamic understanding by highlighting religious freedom discourse, including themselves as Muslims and presenting themselves as peaceful movement.
Freedom of religion, as the main part of human rights, has been one of the main discourses in traditional and modern Indonesia. However, its current development reveals that such a freedom is still far from its final agreement, especially in guaranteeing the religious right of minority. By using the approach of Critical Discourse Analysis (henceforth CDA), this article investigates the religious freedom discourse as defended and disseminated by one of the NGOs in Indonesia, namely the Setara Institute, to identify how the Indonesia Ahmadiyya sect is discursively discriminated against. The study is carried out by analysing multiple texts in various genres produced and disseminated by this NGO when defending the Ahmadiyya minority sect. The sect has been the target of religious discrimination and violent attacks perpetrated by Islamic majority groups in the country. The data used in this study are annual reports, books, interviews, and public debates. The analysis reveals that freedom of religion is still not properly established and Ahhamdiyya followers are not treated equally both in religious or political matters. This can be seen in four discourse constructions, namely discourses of democracy, unrestricted freedom of religion, impartiality and the weakness of leadership.
This research aims: 1) to find out impolite words found among Makassarese youngsters 2) to find out how the impolite words are conversed and exchanged among Makassarese youngsters. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method, which is used to analyze data from the research participants, namely Makassarese youngsters. The data obtained are impolite words in the conversations Makassarese youngsters, then analyzed by using Brown & Levinson's politeness theory. Based on the results of that research, it shows that in the conversations Makassarese youngsters, there are some impolite words such as sundala, kongkong, pottele, tolo, ka'bulamma and telang spoken by subjects of this research. The use of these impolite words is usually exchanged by youngsters in their local community, such as close friends, also in family or even other environments that supports the situation. The use of impolite words among Makassarese youngsters is generally practiced as an opening word or conversation, while the duration of starts from the beginning of the conversation until the end of the conversation. Keywords: Impolite Words, Youngsters, Makassarese
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