Historically, the immigrant has been living and interacting with Makassar people and others in Makassar since 2014 until today. These interactions result unique way of how these immigrant use language to communicate. This article mainly aimed to describe how was the language used among immigrant in Makassar. The data were collected through observation by recording the conversation and interviewing some of the participants to confirm how and why they used certain dialect during the conversation. These interactions by using some language variation or dialects can be called a language contact situation. In their early presence that immigrant used English (Eng) and Indonesia language (IL) formally to communicate with IOM staff, UNHCR staff, among immigrant, and out of them, but when they have access to live for a while in Makassar, they interact with Makassar people freely and they use various languages such as Makassar language (ML), Indonesian language by Makassar Malay language (MML) as the trend of Makassar dialect, or sometimes used English as their language code. MML was mostly used compared to other language by those immigrants in some public area in Makassar. The using of MML by immigrant was a linguistic adaptation to the target language.
The essence of language is human activity. Communication with language is carried out through two basic human activities; speaking and listening during the interaction in a group of people. Immigrants in Makassar city communicate with immigrant communities and Makassar people. They used English and Indonesia to communicate with others. The aims of this article were to find out determinant factors of English as language choice among Unaccompanied Migrant Children (UMC) in Makassar and why they used English as their language choice to communicate with other people out of them. The data were taken from UMC in the shelter under the auspices of Makassar’s Social Office and in the public area of Makassar. This research was a qualitative approach; it was from a sociolinguistic perspective and focuses its analysis with the language choice among UMC. This research showed that most immigrants chose English as their language choice since they were in Makassar because they have acquired better than other international language and it has been mastered naturally by doing social interaction among themselves and people outside their community. UMC had more difficulties to socialize with Indonesian than the adult of Immigrants. Other than their lack of language mastery, they also have the anxiety to adapt to other immigrants and Makassar people. English was used by UMC to show their status as a foreigner who lived in a multicultural situation. Language becomes a power for a human being and it becomes a social identity for language user in one community. During the interaction of UMC in Makassar city, the role of English as an International language is shown.
Language contact is a verbal communication interaction at the same place and time. The phenomenon of language contact can be found in the city of Makassar, both the people of South Sulawesi themselves and immigrant groups from various Middle Eastern countries, where the city of Makassar is used as a temporary area before visiting the destination countries, namely Australia, Canada and America. Seeing the volume of immigrants from 2014 to 2019 living in Makassar, of course every day they interact with the people of Makassar City. The purpose of this article is to describe the use of language for immigrants in interacting with the people of Makassar. The method used is the method of observation and interviews. From the observations it was found that the use of English was only used to interact formally both to UNHCR officers, IOM staff, and to Makassar residents who greeted them in English, Indonesian was also used formally, but in daily interactions a variation of Makassar Malay was used ( BMM) such as when buying, selling, exercising, and other social adaptations. The use of BMM indicates that it is an adaptation effort for language and culture made by immigrant groups to be socially accepted in the Makassar city environment.
This study aimed to determine how Google Classroom enhanced English language learning in students' English at the Faculty of Literature and Humanities in the online learning system during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was a classroom action research (CAR) conducted from March to July 2020. Classroom action research consists of four stages; planning, actions, observation, and reflection. It is better to fix this section as follows: The stage; teacher planning (preparation and pre-test), action (teaching by using Google Classroom), observation (Classroom observation), and reflection (personal reflection and post-test). The features of LMS Google Classroom promote the development of independent learners in which students can be triggered to access the information in any place and time. This research shows that the LMS Google Classroom learning model is considered an effective learning model to enhance independent learning. Data of the Speaking test has described in finding that there is significance increasing from pre-test to post-test. The score increased from 1103 in the pre-test to 1618 in the post-test. It shows an increase in mean score from 36.7667 in the pre-test to 54.1467 in the post-test. E-Learning is running well, especially for speaking classes. By using LMS Google Classroom in English teaching can help students to improve their English skills. Teaching English by implementing Learning Management System Google Classroom at the university can effectively improve students' English competency, where almost all students agree to this point. Twenty-five students agreed that this learning model could improve the students’ competencies, and only one student disagrees. For speaking teaching that some of the students disagree with using LMS Google Classroom, six students gave a negative response, and 24 agreed. The analysis results showed that the English Literature Study Program students at the Islamic University of Makassar responded well when their lecturer used LMS Google Classroom in the learning process.
The Makassar Malay dialect is a variation of Indonesian Langauge. The use of the Makassar Malay Dialect arose because of the contact of languages both in orality and also in social media. This dialect was found in situations of buying and selling food interactions through Instagram social media. This article aimed to described the characteristics of the use of the Makassar Malay Dialect and the factors of the use of code mixing the Indonesian Makassar Malay Dialect with other codes in the interaction of buying and selling food through Instagram social media carried out by netizens in Makassar City. The data of this qualitative research focused on speech interactions in of buying and selling food through Instagram social media. This speech was contained in the comments column for uploading food advertisements to culinary Instagram accounts. There were various language codes used by participants such as the Indonesian language with the Makassar Malay dialect, regional and foreign language codes. The use of Makassar Malay dialect was in the form of words and affixes. The use of these dialects was in the form of code mixing, namely internal code mixing and outer code mixing. The use of the Makassar Malay dialect because of language contact and as the result of language adaptation.
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