A geochemistry study has been done in four geothermal manifestations—Ie-Seu’um, Ie-Brôuk, Ie-Jue and the Van-Heutz crater—located in the north zone of Seulawah Agam mountain (Aceh Besar District, Indonesia). The study was performed through water and gas analysis. Water analysis were done for all geothermal manifestations, but gas analysis was only done for the Ie-Jue manifestation that has fumaroles. Cation and anion contents were analyzed by ion chromatography, ICP-OES, alkalimetry titrations, and spectrophotometry, meanwhile isotopes were measured by a Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer. The resulting data were used for fluid and gas geothermometry calculations, and plotted in a FT-CO2 Cross-Plot and a CH4-CO2-H2S triangle diagram to obtain reservoir temperatures. The data were also plotted by a Cl-HCO3-SO4 triangle and Piper diagram to obtain the water type and dominant chemical composition, a Na-K-Mg triangle diagram to obtain fluid equilibria, the isotope ratio in the stable isotope plot to obtain the origin of water, and a N2-He-Ar triangle diagram to establish the origin of fumaroles. The water analysis results showed that (1) Ie-Seu’um has an average reservoir temperature of 241.9 ± 0.3 °C, a chloride water type, a dominant Na-K-Cl chemical composition, a mature water fluid equilibrium, and water of meteoric origin; (2) Ie-Brôuk has an average reservoir temperature of 321.95 ± 13.4 °C, a bicarbonate water type, a dominant Na-Ca-HCO3chemical composition, an immature water fluid equilibrium, and water of meteoric origin; (3) Ie-Jue has an average reservoir temperature of 472.4 ± 91.4 °C, a sulphate water type, a dominant Ca-SO4 chemical composition, an immature water fluid equilibrium and water of meteoric origin; and (4) the Van-Heutz crater has an average reservoir temperature of 439.3 ± 95.3 °C, a sulphate water type, a dominant Ca-SO4 chemical composition, an immature water fluid equilibrium and water of magmatic origin. The results of our gas analysis showed that Ie-Jue has an average reservoir temperature of 258.85 °C, and water of meteoric origin. Based on the reservoir temperatures, the geothermal manifestation of the north zone of Seulawah Agam mountain is considered as a high-temperature geothermal system suitable for power plant development.
Analysis of mercury (Hg) in water and sediment samples from Krueng Sabee (KS), Panga (P) and Teunom (T) rivers have been carried out. Water and sediment samples were collected at three different sampling points. Concentration of mercury was determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Measurement of temperature, pH and salinity of the water samples was carried out in situ method. The results of in situ measurements showed a temperature ranges of 24 to 32°C, pH of 6 - 8 and salinity of 0.1 - 0.3. Based on the analysis of samples, the concentration of mercury in water and sediment samples during March 2019 (sunny condition) were 0.3328 and 6.2330 μg/L, respectively and April 2019 (rainy condition) were 0.0560 and 0.2778 μg/L, respectively. Evaluation of the pattern of Hg distribution in water and sediment samples was conducted by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. The result of PCA analysis in sediment samples showed a strong correlation between Hg concentration at the KS1 and KS2 sampling points. Meanwhile, the concentration of Hg in water samples showed a strong correlation at sampling points of T2 and T3.
Geochemical studies of geothermal manifestations in the Northern Zone of Mt. Seulawah Agam, one of which is Ie Jue manifestation, has been conducted. In this study, water geochemical analysis of cations and anions content was performed to observe the surface characteristics of manifestations, the type of water manifestation, the water balance of reservoir depth and to estimate depth temperature using geothermometer equations. Cations and anions measurements were conducted using atomic absorption spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and acid-base titration. The data analysis was determined using spreadsheet version 3 Powell Geoscience Ltd.3 September 2012 by Powell & Cumming. The geothermal water Ie Jue manifestation was acidic pH, water sulphate type was obtained from the geoindicator Cl-SO4-HCO3 and the immature water was based on plot Na-K-Mg ternary diagram. Its reservoir temperatures ranged from 690 °C to 761 °C in accordance with Na/K geothermometer equations based on results of Na/K Giggenbach and Fournier. The Ie Jue manifestations indicated a high-temperature geothermal system (high enthalpy) that could be characterized when the average temperature reached higher than 225 °C and suitable for power plant development.
Indonesia is a country with the largest geothermal potential resource in the world, estimated of 28,617 MW or equivalent to 40% of the world’s geothermal potential. Geothermal energy is environmentally friendly and quite economical compared to fossil energy. Seulawah Agam is one of Indonesia’s geothermal fields that has several manifestation zones, including Ie Brôuk (BH1 and BH2) manifestations. The analysis for this study was conducted by acid-base titration, UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The data analysis of cations and anions were plotted in liquid chemistry worksheet plotting spreadsheet version 3 Powell geoscience September 2012 by Powell and Cumming. The type of manifestation fluid is bicarbonate, obtained from the geoindicator Cl-SO4-HCO3, while the water condition is immature based on Na-K-Mg ternary diagram. The Ie Brôuk reservoir temperature was 289 °C and 291 °C obtained from Na/K geothermometer Tonani (1980) and Na/K Giggenbach (1988) respectively. Therefore, the Ie Brôuk manifestation classified as a high-temperature geothermal system.
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