Geochemistry Exploration and Geothermometry Application in the North Zone of Seulawah Agam, Aceh Besar District, Indonesia

Abstract

A geochemistry study has been done in four geothermal manifestations—Ie-Seu’um, Ie-Brôuk, Ie-Jue and the Van-Heutz crater—located in the north zone of Seulawah Agam mountain (Aceh Besar District, Indonesia). The study was performed through water and gas analysis. Water analysis were done for all geothermal manifestations, but gas analysis was only done for the Ie-Jue manifestation that has fumaroles. Cation and anion contents were analyzed by ion chromatography, ICP-OES, alkalimetry titrations, and spectrophotometry, meanwhile isotopes were measured by a Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer. The resulting data were used for fluid and gas geothermometry calculations, and plotted in a FT-CO2 Cross-Plot and a CH4-CO2-H2S triangle diagram to obtain reservoir temperatures. The data were also plotted by a Cl-HCO3-SO4 triangle and Piper diagram to obtain the water type and dominant chemical composition, a Na-K-Mg triangle diagram to obtain fluid equilibria, the isotope ratio in the stable isotope plot to obtain the origin of water, and a N2-He-Ar triangle diagram to establish the origin of fumaroles. The water analysis results showed that (1) Ie-Seu’um has an average reservoir temperature of 241.9 ± 0.3 °C, a chloride water type, a dominant Na-K-Cl chemical composition, a mature water fluid equilibrium, and water of meteoric origin; (2) Ie-Brôuk has an average reservoir temperature of 321.95 ± 13.4 °C, a bicarbonate water type, a dominant Na-Ca-HCO3chemical composition, an immature water fluid equilibrium, and water of meteoric origin; (3) Ie-Jue has an average reservoir temperature of 472.4 ± 91.4 °C, a sulphate water type, a dominant Ca-SO4 chemical composition, an immature water fluid equilibrium and water of meteoric origin; and (4) the Van-Heutz crater has an average reservoir temperature of 439.3 ± 95.3 °C, a sulphate water type, a dominant Ca-SO4 chemical composition, an immature water fluid equilibrium and water of magmatic origin. The results of our gas analysis showed that Ie-Jue has an average reservoir temperature of 258.85 °C, and water of meteoric origin. Based on the reservoir temperatures, the geothermal manifestation of the north zone of Seulawah Agam mountain is considered as a high-temperature geothermal system suitable for power plant development.

Impregnation of CaO from Eggshell Waste with Magnetite as a Solid Catalyst (Fe3O4/CaO) for Transesterification of Palm Oil Off-Grade

“…This study also confirms that CaO impregnated with Fe 3 O 4 could be a solid catalyst for the biodiesel synthesis through transesterification reaction of palm oil off-grade.Catalysts 2020, 10, 164 2 of 13 this issue, several countries have successfully implemented some renewables from bioenergy, including biogas, biodiesel, and bioethanol [2][3][4][5]. On the other sides, some countries have also successfully generated the electrical power from renewable energy resources, such as geothermal, waves, hydro, wind, and solar energy [6][7][8][9][10]. However, there are some weak points resulted while the renewable energy is used, such as it is unstable, only available for certain periods, and therefore, its required the energy storage devices such as battery.…”

Geochemical Investigation on Jaboi Manifestation, Jaboi Volcano, Sabang, Indonesia

“…Heat source locations had also been imaged by MT and TEM data [19]. Geochemical studies indicate that manifestation in the southern zone in particular Ie Seu'um [20], Ie Brouk [21], Ie Ju [22] and Van Heutz Crater, are high-temperature geothermal systems [23] that are very suitable for electricity generation. Besides the temperature estimation, the research data also informed the water type, the chemical composition, the fluid equilibrium, and the fluid origins.…”

“…Apart from those three, to estimate the reservoir temperature, a geothermometer can be used instead, where the other important geochemical characteristics are determined by using graphical plots. The hydro-geochemical analysis gives the information on dominant chemical compositions, the type and equilibrium of geothermal water, while gas-geochemical analysis gives the information on the fumarole sources and the dominant fluid phases lastly, isotope analysis gives the information on the geothermal water origins [23,26].…”

“…Therefore, the analytical method and instruments have to be accurate and reliable. The methods recommended for such purposes, some of them, are ICP-OES, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer [23,27], ICP-AES, ICP-MS [26] and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy [28][29][30] for cation analysis, Ion Chromatography for either cation or anion analysis [31], Elemental Analyzer-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrophotometry [32] and Laser Absorption Spectroscopy [33] for isotope analysis.…”

Sunscreen Activities of Bark Artocarpus heterophyllus against Ultraviolet Ray (Sun Protection Factor) in Lotion Formula

“…It has no side effects, safer [12], and green chemistry [13]. Moreover, the natural product also provides many medicinal benefit such as antibacterial [14], [15], [16], antimicrobial [17], antibiofilm [18], antipyretics [19], dental therapeutic treatment [20], wound healing [21], and antioxidant [22]. The use of synthetic active ingredients, in addition to being able to stimulate the skin resulting in irritation, can cause other things, including disruption of the nasal mucous membranes, cancer, nerve cells, and other disorders [22].…”