Liquid soap is a kind of cleanser made from a chemical reaction of the potassium salt of fatty acids. The distribution of soap with natural ingredients is rarely available on a market. One of the best options that can be used as a natural active ingredient of soap is a tobacco leaf. This study aimed was to the best treatment concentration of tobacco extract on the physical, chemical, and microbiological properties of liquid soap. The formulations of tobacco extract were 5%, 10%, and 15% of base soap. The study showed that the addition of tobacco extract to liquid soap could decrease the viscosity, specific gravity, pH, and alkaline free. Meanwhile, the nicotine level and bacterial inhibition (clear zone) were higher. The best concentration of liquid soap was formulation with the addition of 5% tobacco extract, with characteristics of viscosity about 2498.1 cP, specific gravity about 1.0209 g/mL, the stability of foam about 180 mL/ 9 hours, foam power about 22.34 second, pH 10.14, alkaline free about 0.0824%, nicotine content about 128.69 mg/100g and the antibacterial of E. coli (clear zone) of tobacco liquid soap about 5.8 mm. Keywords: liquid soap, natural active ingredients, tobacco extract

Edamame soybeans are a superior product in Jember Regency. Edamame has the advantage of protein, calcium and iron content. In general, edamame soybeans are a perishable food commodity that must be processed immediately. One of the processed edamame products is frozen salted edamame which is a practical ready-to-eat snack. Frozen salted edamame has attracted the interest of the people of Jember and people outside the city. This product is popular with people outside the city, so they often buy it to take home as a souvenir from Jember Regency. Uncontrolled environmental conditions during the trip with sudden temperature changes without cold storage cause the potential for physical damage or deterioration of quality in frozen salted edamame. Therefore, further observations are needed to determine changes in the quality of frozen salted edamame products during the trip without cold storage at room temperature storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of room temperature storage time on physical quality, chemical quality, and organoleptic quality of frozen salted edamame products. The design of this study used a completely randomized design with a single factor, namely five treatments for different durations (0 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours after removed from the freezer). The analyzes carried out in this study were the test of texture, color, pH, total dissolved solids, total acid, antioxidant activity, moisture content, and organoleptics. The results showed that the frozen salted edamame product decreased during storage time at room temperature. Based on the results of research, the duration of storage for frozen salted edamame products at room temperature has an effect on the value of color, pH, total dissolved solids, total acid, and water content, but does not affect the texture and antioxidant activity. The quality of the product also decreased in color, taste, aroma, and texture attributes.

Liquid soap is a cleaning product, which works by reacting to oil or fat and alkaline potassium hydroxide. This principle is also known as a saponification reaction. Soap works for cleaning and acts as an antibacterial component. Moringa leaves contain phytochemical compounds that can inhibit the growth of bacteria so it enhances soap production. The inhibitory power of Moringa leaf extract is determined by its concentration in liquid soap. The variations of Moringa leaf extract in liquid soap can affect the characteristics of resultant liquid soap. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of varied additions of Moringa leaf extract on the characteristics of liquid soap and to determine the addition of Moringa leaf extract, which produces liquid soap that meets SNI requirements and has good antibacterial power.This research involved laboratory experiment using quantitative descriptive analysis. The study was conducted using a factorial completely randomized design, with one factor, namely varied additions of Moringa leaf extract consisting of 3%, 5%, and 7% extract relative to the weight of the base soap. The results has showed that different concentrations of Moringa leaf extract has a significant effect on antibacterial activity, free alkali levels, specific gravity, viscosity, and foaming power of liquid soap. The resultant liquid soap has satisfied SNI 06-4085-2017. The results of organoleptic test by assessing consumer preferences demonstrate the highest score in sample A1 (soap with 3% Moringa leaf extract). The best liquid soap formulation treatment is A3 (liquid soap formulation 7% Moringa leaf extract) with antibacterial power (zone of inhibition) of 17 mm, pH 10.23, free alkali content 0.026%, specific gravity 1.040 g/ml, viscosity 2.06 Cps, and 4.8 cm foam power.

Tobacco leaves contain flavonoids which can be used for the manufacture and development of herbal handsanitizer products. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality attributes, determine the characteristics, and formulate a handsanitizer gel herbal from tobacco leaf extract. The determination of product quality attributes is determined based on survey results, while the manufacture of products is carried out based on the results of laboratory experiments. The formulations for the addition of CMC-Na preparation gel hand sanitizer F1, F2, F3 were 3 g, 4 g, and 5 g, respectively. The test result data is presented in the form of tables and figures and analyzed descriptively. The assessment of quality attributes is based on the preference and needs of consumers who are answered by 100 respondents. The formulation evaluation of the handsanitizer gel included organoleptic, pH, homogeneity and dispersibility tests. The handsanitizer gel herbal that consumers prefer a herbal gel handsanitizer that was light brown in color, have a soft aroma (fragrance of flowers and fruit), and gave the appearance of not being sticky, soft, or cold when used. The musk tobacco extract used contains antioxidants in the form of flavonoids with levels of 42.50 mg /100g. The best formulations for prototype development were F2 with a pH value of 7.56; homogeneous; and the spreadability is 6.20.

Coffee skin waste is the side result of the process of coffee processing. The coffee skin contains a crude protein of 10.4% which can help the growth in broiler chickens. Coffee skin composition consisting of high coarse fiber and anti-nutritional content, so it is necessary to do fermentation to increase the nutrient content in the skin of coffee and reduce the content of anti-nutritional substances. Proteins in the skin of coffee need the addition of protein from okara to meet the protein needs of broiler chickens. Other than protein, livestock feed for broiler chickens should also contain calcium, which is obtained from the beef bones. This research aims to determine the protein content of feed and the effect of artificial feed on feed consumption, daily weight gain as well as conversion of broiler chickens feed. This study uses complete random design (RAL). Feeding with 5 treatments, 2 repeats and each repetition consists of 1 broiler chickens. The results of the research on protein test showed the protein content of coffee skin feed, okara and beef bones contain 28.82% protein. The test results on feed consumption showed the highest consumption rate was P0 with 2023 g and the lowest was P4 with 888 g. The highest daily weight gain test was P1 treatment, which was 82.525 g treatment and the lowest of the was P4 for 61.25 g. The highest feed conversion value is P0 with 26.42 and the lowest is P4 for 14.495.