Tungro is one of the most common diseases of rice plants which caused by double infection of RTBV (Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus) and RTSV (Rice Tungro Spherical Virus), and it gives a significant economic loss. These viruses are transmitted by green leaf hopper (Nephottetix virescens. Distant), and the interaction between host plant and the viruses were still quite difficult to be fully understood. In order to look at whether there are any differences between the healthy and tungro infected rice, this study was set to examine the character differences between the infected and the healthy plants based on isozyme banding pattern. The infected plants were collected from three districts around Surakarta (Sragen, Sukoharjo, Klaten) followed by Polyacrilamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) to evaluate the isozyme banding patterns. There were peroxidase, esterase and acid phosphotase isozymes used. The results showed that the real differences of isozyme banding patterns of both healthy and tungro infected plants were discovered. In all cases, the Tungro infected rice had thicker and more band numbers compared to the healthy one. This evident suggested that Tungro infected rice could be detected early using PAGE method.

Mangrove forests have an important function in human life that cannot be replaced by other functions. The existence of mangrove forests has six main functions, namely biological, ecological, physical, social, economic and chemical functions. This article discusses the description of mangrove forest management in meeting the needs of the economic and social functions of the fishing communities on the coast of Merauke Regency, Papua Province, which were reviewed descriptively using relevant literature studies. In terms of economic function, mangrove forests provide economic value for fishing communities because mangrove forests become habitat for crabs, fish and other marine biota that are captured and sold as the main source of family income. In addition, the use of mangrove forests by fishermen on the coast is used as firewood and building materials. The high utilization of mangrove forests by coastal communities that ignores ecological sustainability causes damage to mangrove forests that threatens the sustainability of ecological functions. Damage to mangrove forests in Merauke in the period 2000-2005 was recorded as wide as 2,416 ha while in the 2005-2010 period damage reached 2,233 ha of the total area of the Merauke mangrove forest which reached 216,001.95 Ha or 6.98% of the Merauke forest area. Based on this, the management of mangrove forest utilization needs to get more attention from various parties so that the ecological function of mangrove forests as a condition of sustainable development, especially for fishing communities on the coast, can be realized in Merauke Regency.

Penggunaan dan keragaan unit alat tangkap berpengaruh terhadap keberlanjutan penangkapan ikan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji optimasi penggunaan alat penangkapan yang ada di Selat Makassar, yaitu perairan Barru Sulawesi Selatan sampai Majene Sulawesi Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua kelompok data, yaitu data sekunder dan data primer. Pengumpulan data primer meliputi keragaan penggunaan alat tangkap, yaitu aspek teknis, biologi, sosial dan ekonomis, standirisasi alat penangkapan, pendugaan parameter model bioekonomi dan model penangkapan lestari (MSY), serta model bionomi. Alat tangkap purse seine merupakan unit penangkapan cakalang yang terbaik, begitu pula dengan aspek dari gabungan fungsi keempat aspek, sedangkan penggunaan alat tangkap yang digunakan pada ikan kakap merah belum mencapai overfishing.

The potential and development of alternative livelihoods for fishermen households in marine conservation areas must be relevant to or refer to the context of contextual technical considerations (locality), and not a deduction or bottom-up policies derivation so that they can grow and develop (facilitating) local fishermen's households in production activities that are complementary to increasing the spirit of the locality, community harmonious with natural resoureces and welfare through the opening of new economic spaces that can be accessed and controlled by the local community themselves. This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach. Data was collected through direct observation and in-depth interviews with some informants. There are 30 fisherman’s household which is used as primary data source informants. Qualitative analysis based on technical variables, namely community interest, availability of local raw materials/natural resources, availability of labor and market opportunities through content analysis from compilation of interview results through snowball technique with reference to triangulation principle. While quantitative data analysis is carried out with business feasibility indicators for new alternative types of livelihoods that can be applied to fishermen households, namely B/C Ratio indicators, Return Of Investment (ROI), and Payback Period (PP). Research result show that based on the analysis of technical variables, the potential alternative livelihoods carried out by fishermen households are seaweed aquaculture, floating net cage aquaculture, processed fishery products, coconut and household scale chicken and duck farming. The B/C ratio value of these businesses is > 1 with very profitable criteria to do.

This research aims to analyze the existence of fishermen conflicts in using of fisheries resources and settlement conflict resolution. The method used is qualitative research through grounded research that explores various cases and forms of conflict between fishermen (hulle fishermen communities (migrants) with local fishermen. Data analysis refers to the functional structural theory and conflict theory. The result of the research shows that the fishermen or groups of fishermen with their capture technologies (traditional, semi-traditional, and modern) must compete freely and be competitive to get fishery resources. The orientation and utilization of spatial aspects also be a type of conflict that extends to primordial conflict aspects. Conflict resolution through co-management strategies by involving various stakeholders in conflict resolution. Strategic steps must be an emphasis on conflict resolution shape that adaptive and responsive through systematic analysis for acceleration the resolution of fisherman conflict issues that developed so far. The formation of fishermen institutions conflict management is needed that involves government elements (related institution), community leaders, fishermen representative, NGO, and universities in charge of potential analyzing fishermen conflicts and handling strategy.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kepuasan pengguna pelelangan serta kinerja pengelolaan TPIyang mendukung efektivitas dan efisisensi system logistic ikan nasional di Sulawesi Selatan dengan mengambilkasus di PPI Paotere Kota Makassar. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Analisis data menggunakananalisis deskriptif. Kepuasan pengguna pelelangan menggunakan analisis Importance and Performance Analysis(IPA),  sementara ukuran kinerja pengelolaan TPI dari segi ekonomi dan efisiensi menggunakan analisis value formoney . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan pengguna pelelangan masih berada di bawah kriteria puas.Kepuasan pedagang berada pada kriteria cukup puas. Untuk Kinerja tempat pelelangan ikan di PPI Paotere secarakeseluruhan dinilai cukup ekonomis dari segi input dengan capaian nilai kinerja input sebesar 86%, sedangkankinerja pengelolaan TPI dinilai tidak efisien dengan nilai kinerja 123% sehingga sangat mempengaruhi kinerjakomponen distribusi dalam sistim logistic ikan. Integrasi dari empat komponen SLIN di PPI Paotere yaitu;pengadaan, penyimpanan, trasportasi dan distribusi belum berada dalam tata kelola integrative yang efisien dalamsatu system sehingga mekanisme tata kelola sisteim logistic yang terjadi tidak saling mendukung satu sama lain.Kata kunci : Tata kelola, kinerja, TPI, sistem logistik, perikanan

Nelayan tradisional di pulau kecil memandang dirinya bersama alam fisik dan alam metafisik berada dalam satu sistem kehidupan antara mikro kosmos dan makro kosmos yang harus selaras.  Oleh karena itu, pengetahuan yang mereka miliki serta ritual yang mereka lakukan berkaitan erat dengan mitos, kultus, ritus, magis, dan pamali sebagai pedoman yang dipergunakan dalam menjalankan aktivitas kehidupannya sehari-hari.  Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis kepercayaan dan pamali nelayan pulau-pulau kecil sebagai tata kelakuan yang dipengaruhi oleh unsur budaya lokal dan berpenetrasi ke dalam sistem sosial masyarakat. Jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus.  Pengumpulan data melalui pengamatan langsung, dan wawancara mendalam melalui teknik snowball dengan prinsip triangulasi. Analisis data melalui content analysis. Selama penelitian berlangsung, ditemukan 30 informan sebagai sumber data primer, yaitu tokoh nelayan, tokoh adat, punggawa, sawi. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa praktek ritual yang berasosiasi dengan kepercayaan serta ungkapan-ungkapan berupa pamali pada komunitas nelayan Pulau Kambuno merupakan tata kelakuan yang menjadi aturan-aturan ide, gagasan, serta nilai-nilai yang terikat dalam suatu kesatuan budaya, yaitu (1) pola bersikap yang mendapat isi dari pengarahan dari nilai-nilai budaya, (2) pola bertindak dalam kegiatan komunitas nelayan, dan (3) pola sarana benda-benda (fisik).  Tiga wujud budaya tersebut merupakan jiwa, organisasi dan teknologi sebagai tata tertib yang dijaga eksistensinya dalam keselarasan antara mikro kosmos dengan makro kosmos yang sekaligus mempersatukan segenap komunitas nelayan.  Pola kebudayaan yang diadaptasi nelayan Pulau Kambuno merupakan praktek tradisi yang terwarisi dari generasi ke generasi berikutnya sambil melakukan penyesuain-penyesuaian seiring dengan perkembangan zaman.     Traditional fishermen in small island look at themselves with the physical and metaphysical realms as being in a single system of life between the micro cosmos and macro cosmos which must be in harmony. Therefore, the knowledge they have and the rituals they perform are closely related to myths, cults, rites, magic, pamali as guidelines used in carrying out their daily activities. The research objective was belief analyze and pamali fishermen of small island as behavior that is influenced by local culture elements and penetrate into the social system of society. This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach. Collecting data through direct observation, in-depth interviews using snowball techniques with the principle of triangulation. Data analysis through content analysis. During the research, 30 informants were found as primary data sources, including fishermen leader , traditional leaders, punggawa, sawi.  The results of the study found that ritual practices associated with beliefs and expressions in the form of pamali in the fisherman community of Kambuno Island are behaviors that become rules of ideas, ideas and values ​​that are bound in a cultural unity which includes, namely: (1 ) attitude patterns that get the contents of the direction cultural values, (2) patterns of action in fisherman community activities, and (3) patterns of means (physical) objects. Three forms of culture are the soul, organization and technology as an order which is maintained in harmony between the micro cosmos and macro cosmos which simultaneously unites all fisherman community. Adapted cultural pattern by the fishermen of Kambuno Island is a traditional practice which inherited  from generation to next generation while making adjustments along with the times.

South Sulawesi is the province with the largest contributor to national seaweed production with an increase in production reaching 300 thousand tons per year. Efforts to increase seaweed production are highly achievable, because the area of South Sulawesi is considered to have a large enough potential for coastal fisheries resources, cultivation and postharvest technologies are easy to implement and do not require large capital. In Ma’rang Subdistrict, Pangkep Regency, this seaweed cultivation activity has been used by farmers. However, in fact seaweed farming has problems, namely the low price of seaweed received by farmers and low production yields. This study aims to Analyze the factors that affect the income of seaweed farming in Ma’rang sub-district, Pangkep district. The analytical method used is quantitative analysis in the form of multiple linear analysis with a total of 85 respondents. The results showed that the factors affecting the income of seaweed farming in Ma’rang sub-district, Pangkep district were influenced by the selling price of IDR 21,552.94/kg, production 29,085/kg, seedlings IDR 2,063,558.82/cycle, and the number of stretches is 191.88 units.