. (2012). The impact of turbulence intensity and atmospheric stability on power deficits due to wind turbine wakes at Horns Rev wind farm. Wind Energy, 15(1), 183-196. DOI: 10.1002/we.512 The impact of turbulence intensity and atmospheric stability on power deficits due to wind turbine wakes at Horns Rev wind farm Moreover, there is a strong stability directional dependence with southerly winds having fewer unstable conditions while northerly winds have fewer observations in the stable classes.Stable conditions also tend to be associated with lower levels of turbulence intensity and this relationship persists as wind speeds increase. Power deficit is a function of ambient turbulence intensity. The level of power deficit is strongly dependent on the wind turbine spacing and as turbulence intensity increases the power deficit decreases. The power deficit is determined for four different wind turbine spacing distances and for stability classified as very stable, unstable and other (near-neutral to very unstable). The more stable conditions are, the larger the power deficit.

Offshore wind fluctuations are such that dedicated prediction and control systems are needed for optimizing the management of wind farms in real‐time. In this paper, we present a pioneer experiment – Radar@Sea – in which weather radars are used for monitoring the weather at the Horns Rev offshore wind farm, in the North Sea. First, they enable the collection of meteorological observations at high spatio‐temporal resolutions for enhancing the understanding of meteorological phenomena that drive wind fluctuations. And second, with the extended visibility they offer, they can provide relevant inputs to prediction systems for anticipating changes in the wind fluctuation dynamics, generating improved wind power forecasts and developing specific control strategies. However, integrating weather radar observations into automated decision support systems is not a plug‐and‐play task, and it is important to develop a multi‐disciplinary approach linking meteorology and statistics. Here, (i) we describe the settings of the Radar@Sea experiment, (ii) we report the experience gained with these new remote sensing tools, (iii) we illustrate their capabilities with some concrete meteorological events observed at Horns Rev and (iv) we discuss the future perspectives for weather radars in wind energy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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