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In 1972-1973, about 16,200 men living In Oslo, aged 40 to 49 years, were examined for cardiovascular disease, and had a number of coronary risk factors measured. This report gives the results of 129 autopsied cases with regard to the association between raised atherosclerotic lesions In coronary and cerebral arteries and various coronary risk factors. For coronary raised lesions, the high density llpoproteln (HDL) cholesterol ratio was the most significant risk factor. Systolic blood pressure and total serum cholesterol were also significantly associated. Physical activity at work and at leisure, nonfastlng trlglycerldes, and cigarette smoking did not show a significant association with coronary artery raised lesions. The association between total serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure Indicates that total serum cholesterol may be more Important than systolic blood pressure In the synerglsm affecting the development of coronary atherosclerosis. For cerebral artery raised lesions, blood pressure was the most important risk factor, even though serum cholesterol was highly associated with the lesions. The Interaction analysis also suggested that blood pressure was more Important than serum cholesterol In the synerglsm. (Arteriosclerosis 1981; 1:250-256) N umerous epidemiological reports have demonstrated an association between certain risk factors and coronary heart disease (CHD). Since coronary atherosclerosis as a rule forms the basis for the development of CHD, the assumption has been made that risk factors for CHD are identical with those for coronary atherosclerosis. This assumption may be true for some risk factors but not necessarily for all of them. Risk factors could also act directly on the myocardium and its conduction system and thus contribute to the development of clinical disease.Since quantitative estimates of atherosclerosis are difficult to obtain in living persons, most information about risk factors has been obtained from retrospective autopsy studies. 1 More recently, several prospective studies have been initiated that are characterized by careful documentation of certain risk factors during life and standardized evaluation of atherosclerotic lesions at autopsy. 2 " 6 These studies have shown significant relationships between levels of serum cholesterol, blood pressure (BP), other selected risk factors, and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis. This report analyzes in more detail the multivariate relationship between risk factors and raised atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary and cerebral arteries of the population in the Oslo study. 27

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The Chiari I malformation, characterized by tonsils extending below the foramen magnum, has increased CSF velocities compared with those in healthy subjects. Measuring the effect of tonsillar herniation on CSF flow in humans is confounded by interindividual variation. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of herniated tonsils on flow velocity and pressure dynamics by using 3D computational models.

We consider that a hypermobility syndrome is a more plausible explanation for this patient's symptoms than a pauci-articular juvenile polyarthritis. We suggest that joint laxity deserves more recognition as a cause of chronic synovial thickening. The distinction from juvenile polyarthritis is important since hypermobile patients may be spared the uveitis of this condition and may be at risk of premature osteoarthrosis. The nature of the effusion that may occur in hypermobile joints has not been adequately explained. Since joint laxity has now been linked with chondrocalcinosis,l it remains a possibility that it might be the first sign of crystal deposition disease in joints that will subsequently develop premature osteoarthrosis.