A working checklist of accepted taxa worldwide is vital in achieving the goal of developing an online flora of all known plants by 2020 as part of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. We here present the first-ever worldwide checklist for liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) that includes 7486 species in 398 genera representing 92 families from the two phyla. The checklist has far reaching implications and applications, including providing a valuable tool for taxonomists and systematists, analyzing phytogeographic and diversity patterns, aiding in the assessment of floristic and taxonomic knowledge, and identifying geographical gaps in our understanding of the global liverwort and hornwort flora. The checklist is derived from a working data set centralizing nomenclature, taxonomy and geography on a global scale. Prior to this effort a lack of centralization has been a major impediment for the study and analysis of species richness, conservation and systematic research at both regional and global scales. The success of this checklist, initiated in 2008, has been underpinned by its community approach involving taxonomic specialists working towards a consensus on taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution.

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In this checklist all hornworts and liverworts reports for Java are listed. The horn-and liverwort flora of the island consists of 568 known and accepted species (plus 39 invalid or illegitimate names). In addition 12 recorded species are considered dubious and another 111 species are excluded from the flora of Java. Most of the species are reported from West Java.

The sexuality of Solenostoma species is discussed and it is concluded that Solenostoma sanguinolentum is heteroicous. This and other morphological differences from Solenostoma marcescens are discussed and they are considered to belong to the same species. Heteroicity probably also occurs in Solenostoma micranthum and possibly in other Solenostoma species. Solenostoma rossicum and Solenostoma pyriflorum subsp. purpureum are new synonyms to Solenostoma sphaerocarpum. Solenostoma ochotense is a new synonym to Solenostoma hokkaidense. Solenostoma costaricanum is a new synonym to Solenostoma amoenum. Plectocolea subbalfourii is a new synonym to Solenostoma balfourii. Solenostoma rubrum var. underwoodii is a new synonym to Solenostoma rubrum. Plectocolea yunnanensis is a new synonym to Solenostoma sikkimense. Solenostoma inundatum var. grandirete is a new synonym to Solenostoma orbiculatum. Solenostoma kurilense and Solenostoma ovalifolia are new combinations and Solenostoma philippinense a new species.

Estimates of extant liverwort species range from 4,500 to 9,000, with estimates in the past decade converging on 5,000 to 6,000. Potential problems and pitfalls of deriving species estimates are addressed, including binomial accumulation, the impact of synonymy, taxonomic inflation, the impact of unrevised species-rich genera, species concepts and cryptic species. We present a revised mean estimate of 7,500 for the number of liverwort species based on estimating rates of synonymy in a sample of recently monographed and revised taxa. This estimate does not include infraspecific names and may underestimate global diversity as a result. We also present a databased estimate of about 8,500 species derived from the Early Land Plants Today data set. We argue higher estimates are supported by: 1) the number of published species has not reached a plateau and new species continue to be discovered; 2) not all regions have been thoroughly explored and with equal intensity, with survey effort being historically biased toward northern temperate regions; 3) synonymy rates are not uniform across taxonomic groups; 4) novel discovery of species outpaces new species derived from elevation in rank (taxonomic inflation); and 5) species numbers are not necessarily distorted by large unrevised genera. A standardized global worldwide liverwort checklist with strong community participation coupled with the critical need for ongoing monographs and revisions, will aid in arriving at a clearer estimates of liverwort diversity. We promote and encourage interest in the topic using an evidence-based approach and quantitative data.

The liverwort family Frullaniaceae is circumscribed to include the single genus, Frullania, and has a complex and confusing taxonomical history. An overview is provided for the infrageneric classification adopted for the forthcoming worldwide checklist based on recent morphological and molecular studies. The genus is preliminarily subdivided into eleven subgenera, F. subg.

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