The quadratic knapsack problem (QKP) calls for maximizing a quadratic objective function subject to a knapsack constraint. All coefficients are assumed to be nonnegative and all decision variables are binary. A new exact algorithm is presented, which makes use of aggressive reduction techniques to decrease the size of the instance to a manageable size. A cascade of upper bounds is used for the reduction, including an improved version of the Caprara-Pisinger-Toth bound based on upper planes and reformulation, and the Billionnet-Faye-Soutif bound based on Lagrangian decomposition. Generalized reduction techniques based on implicit enumeration are used to fix variables at their optimal values. In order to obtain lower bounds of high quality for the reduction, a core problem is solved, defined on a subset of variables. The core is chosen by merging numerous heuristic solutions found during the subgradient-optimization phase. The upper and lower bounding phases are repeated several times, each time improving the subgradient method used for finding the Lagrangian multipliers associated with the upper bounds. Having reduced the instance to a (hopefully) reasonable size, a branch and bound algorithm based on the Caprara-Pisinger-Toth framework is applied. Computational experiments are presented showing that several instances with up to 1,500 binary variables can be reduced to fewer than 100 variables. The remaining set of variables are easily handled through the exact branch and bound algorithm. In comparison to previous algorithms the framework does not only solve larger instances, but the algorithm also works well for instances with smaller densities of the profit matrix, which appear frequently when modeling various graph problems as quadratic knapsack problems.

This article provides two examples of the Americanization of Danish journalism through an examination of Danish journalists' adaptation of New Journalism and investigative journalism as seen through the pages of the Danish Union of Journalists' periodical Journalisten. The article answers Daniel Hallin and Paolo Mancini's call for more "concrete" studies of the Americanization process. The study demonstrates how news media in the United States, in the two examples provided, have served as an important source of methodological inspiration for Danish journalists from the late 1960s forward.

In 1862–1863 well over one thousand foreign-born men living in the United States argued that they had been illegally drafted into Union military service. Fearing a diplomatic row, the Lincoln administration sought to clarify the rules of draft eligibility and its relation to citizenship. William Seward, secretary of state, determined to include in the pool of potential draftees men who had filed their declaration of intent to become American citizens and men who had voted in any election in the United States. Seward’s policy, already in action in 1862, partially codified in the Enrollment Act of March 3, 1863, and further enunciated in circulars from the Departments of State and War, broadened and redefined the nature of American citizenship. By highlighting the parallels to earlier forms of impressment, and breaking new ground with a quantitative analysis of the Department of State’s Case Files on Drafted Aliens, we argue that this history of forced military service for foreign-born soldiers during the American Civil War should be considered an example of impressment. With additional source material from archives in England, the Netherlands, and Denmark, we demonstrate the extent of Union impressment and its transnational character. Concerns about forced service were widespread and had significant consequences for Union foreign relations with European countries and for immigrant communities domestically. Official complaints about impressment represented a new kind of draft resistance, in which legal and political knowledge, as well as local and regional immigrant networks, were essential for securing freedom from military service.

Det nordiske samarbejde er både politisk, økonomisk og kulturelt forankret, og er en vigtig medspiller i det europaeiske og internationale samarbejde. Det nordiske faellesskab arbejder for et staerkt Norden i et staerkt Europa. Det nordiske samarbejde ønsker at styrke nordiske og regionale interesser og vaerdier i en global omverden. Faelles vaerdier landene imellem er med til at styrke Nordens position som en af verdens mest innovative og konkurrencedygtige regioner.

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