Capillary electrophoresis systems with integrated electrochemical detection have been microfabricated on glass substrates. Photolithographic placement of the working electrode just outside the exit of the electrophoresis channel provides high-sensitivity electrochemical detection with minimal interference from the separation electric field. Microchip electrophoretic separations of neurotransmitters in under 100 s exemplify the good resolution and attomole detection sensitivity of these devices. Using indirect electrochemical detection, high-sensitivity DNA restriction fragment and PCR product sizing has also been performed. These microdevices match the detector's size to that of microfabricated separation and reaction devices, bringing to reality the lab-on-a-chip concept.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.