Certain microporous carbons have pores of molecular dimensions, the size of which can be adjusted over a
wide range to fit the dimensions of a large variety of molecules. With knowing the dimensions of these
molecules, size-calibrated porous carbons can be produced. In this work, we took advantage of the electronic
conductivity of carbon in using it as an electrode in electrolytic solutions. By changing the electrode potential,
we could induce electroadsorption and electrodesorption of ions of different dimensions into pore-calibrated
carbons, thus enabling us to estimate effective ion sizes. A few fundamental questions such as whether ions
accommodated in the electrodes' pores are in a solvated state, which is important for novel electrochemical
energy storage devices and for microbiological systems, could be addressed. Analysis of the results indicates
that all the cations that are employed are electroadsorbed in the electrode pores in hydrated states. Compared
with the monovalent cations, the bivalent cations exhibit dimensions that make them almost twice as big.
Monovalent anions are basically adsorbed in a nonhydrated state. The doubly charged sulfate anion is adsorbed
in the hydrated state. The nitrate, a multiatom planar anion, has a smaller effective dimension than the
monoatomic halogen anions, in accordance with the observation that the pores in many activated carbons are
slit-shaped. The analysis of the results enabled us to establish a scale of ionic effective dimensions in aqueous
media, as presented below (MTBE stands for methyl tert-butyl ether): cations, [3.62 Å, N2] < Cs+ < K+ <
Na+ < Li+ < [4.21 Å, CF4] < [5.05 Å, SF6] < [5.8 Å, MTBE] < Ba2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+; anions, [3.62 Å,
N2] < NO3
- < Cl- < F- < Br- < [4.21 Å, CF4] < ClO4
- < [5.05 Å, SF6] < [5.8 Å, MTBE] < SO2-. We
discovered that as long as the pore size is considerably greater than the ion size, the electric double-layer
capacity at moderate concentrations is independent of both the size and charge of the ions in solutions.