The removal of a carcinogenic dye rhodamine B (C. I. 45170) from wastewater by biomass of different moulds and yeasts is described. Among all of the fungal species tested, the biomass of Rhizopus oryzae MTCC 262 is found to be the most effective. Dye adsorption reaches maximum with the biomass harvested from the early stationary phase of growth. The optimum temperature and pH for adsorption are observed to be 40 degrees C and 7.0, respectively. The adsorption rate is very fast initially and attains equilibrium after 5 h. The adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir isotherm model satisfactorily within the studied dye concentration range. Of the different metabolic inhibitors tested, 2,4-ditrophenol (DNP) and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) decrease dye adsorption by approximately 30% suggesting the role of energy metabolism in the process. Spectrophotometric study indicates that the removal of rhodamine B by R. oryzae biomass involves an adsorption process. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopic investigations have been carried out to understand the probable mechanism of the dye-biomass interaction.
A nanocolloidal dispersion of lead chromate (PbCrO4) has been prepared in H2O/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT)/n-heptane water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion medium. The formation of the PbCrO4 in the water pool of the microemulsion has been established by Fourier transform infrared measurements. The absorbance and fluorescence behaviors of the colloidal PbCrO4 have been investigated with varying water pool size, i.e., varying [water]/[AOT] mole ratio, ω. The dimension of the lead chromate encapsulated microemulsion droplets has also been determined by the dynamic light scattering method under varied ω. The dimension and shape of the colloidal dispersions in microemulsion have been examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopic measurements.
Silver selenide (Ag2Se) nanocrystals were synthesized solvothermally using a single source precursor
silver selenite (Ag2SeO3) in the presence of dimethyl formamide (DMF) in an autoclave. The effect of time and
temperature on the crystalline and morphological behavior of the products was investigated. The interaction of
Ag2SeO3 with DMF resulted in the formation of Ag2Se nanoparticles, whereas mixed solvent of DMF and a few
aliphatic alcohols (1:1 (v/v), at 165 °C for 24 h) yielded novel microstructures. The mixed combination containing
methanol−DMF yielded fractal-like morphology, while hollow needle-shaped structures resulted from a ethanol−DMF mixture. Rod shaped structures having riblike morphology were obtained from propanol−DMF mixed solvent.
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