Apple fruits are high in phenolic compounds, sugar and dietary fiber content and are rich in malic acid and vitamins, with a significant impact on the organoleptic quality and its health-promoting properties. They can be turned out in value-added product such as apple chips due to the low cost of raw material. The aim of the study was to obtain apple chips, fat-free, healthy, traditionally dried and without added sugar, which can be easily obtained and capitalized economically, as well as the evaluation of their physico-chemical and sensory qualities. The apple chips were produced from three apple cultivars (‘Starkrimson’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Florina’) by drying the apple fruits in an oven and a dehydrator at 65 °C. To inactivate the browning enzymes, the apple slices were immersed in a solution of lemon salt (4%) for 7 min before drying. Apple chips were sensory-evaluated and relevant parameters were analyzed at defined intervals during storage at room temperature up to 21 days. The water activity (aw) values of apple chip samples dried in the oven ranged from 0.544 to 0.650, while for the samples dried in the dehydrator, aw values were between 0.374 and 0.426. During the storage, the pH of apple chips varied very little, while titratable acidity increased for all samples. Compared with fresh apple slices, it was observed that the total soluble solids (TSS) content of all dried apple chip samples decreased. Color parameters and browning and whitening indexes differed depending on the apple cultivars and dryer type used.
This paper aims to review the available literature data and provide an overview regarding the effi ciency of antioxidants to prevent peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipid peroxidation is a serious problem that often leads to a loss of shelf-life, reduced consumer acceptability, poorer functionality, lower nutritional value, and poorer safety. It represents an oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids incorporated in cell membrane lipids or in lipoproteins, but also in vegetables and food oils rich in PUFA n-3. It is a complex process that leads to the production of numerous highly reactive metabolites with consequences for food preservation and for the development of various diseases. The targets of lipid oxidation are polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipid peroxidation can proceed by means of two diff erent reactions that lead to the formation of hydroperoxides as primary products. Hydroperoxides decompose rapidly to give many secondary products, such as lipid free radicals, which contribute to increased oxidation of other molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and other lipids. Lipid peroxidation is a major problem for the food industry, as well as for human health, since it is associated with many diseases. The use of antioxidants reduces oxidative damage.
Vinegar is a fermented food with a diversity of uses seasoning, salad dressing and flavouring for foods. Since ancient times it is considered a remedy for health and today there are different types of vinegar on the market, and many others are under development. Determination of the physicochemical characteristics of the new types of vinegar is necessary in order to improve them. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to compare the physicochemical characteristics of vinegar obtained from banana peels (with or without boiling peels) at different ages, with those of commercial vinegars. The vinegar from banana peels was obtained and aged in our laboratory, while the commercial vinegars were purchased from a local market. The physicochemical characteristics of all the samples were investigated before and after gastric and intestinal digestion. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the mineral content of the vinegars. Additionally, statistical analysis of the results was performed by applying a one-way analysis of variance. Results showed that vinegar obtained from banana peels is clearer and total dry extract values are lower than those of commercial vinegars. Banana peel vinegars have higher antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content similar to the commercial balsamic vinegars. This study advances the knowledge in the field of vinegar production by using raw agricultural by-products.
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