The field of biomaterials imposes a multidisciplinary approach that requires the involvement of sciences such as biology, medicine, chemistry and materials engineering so that the material implanted in a living organism does not cause any adverse reaction. This research area of biomaterials is considered as fascinating and challenging. It's fascinating because of its potential applications and the need to improve the quality of life. It is challenging due to the various complexities it faces when biomaterials encounter biological environments for the longevity of life by maintaining or restoring tissue or organ functions. Metallic biomaterials are used as pivots for anchoring dental implants and as parts of orthodontic devices such as crowns and bridges of prostheses. Ti-6Al-4V is well known as a corrosion resistant alloy for dentistry applications due to this film of titanium oxide formed on its surface. However, the inflammatory conditions ad protein presence could affect the corrosion resistance of this alloy. Our research work aims to investigate the effect of albumin and inflammatory conditions to corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V in saliva Fusayama Meyer biological solution. In order to simulate the peri-implant inflammatory conditions in vitro studies were conducted with addition of hydrogen peroxide (reactive oxygen species, found during inflammation) and albumin the most typical protein of biological fluids. Electrochemical methods were applied for corrosion investigations. The results provide evidence that titanium’s alloy corrosion resistance is affected by inflammatory conditions and albumin presence in saliva biological solution.
A thin porous mixed layer of TiO2–ZrO2 was grown on titanium–zirconium alloy surface by electrochemical oxidation. Further comparison of the corrosion behavior in Fusayama–Meyer biological solution was performed. Scanning electron microscopy surface morphology investigations confirm the presence of porous oxide film, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses provide a high amount of oxygen element in the porous film and a higher amount of Zr element, concluding the mixed nature of oxide film formed, TiO2–ZrO2. For corrosion investigations, electrochemical techniques such as open-circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization were applied. The corrosion investigations reveal better behavior of the thin porous mixed oxide layer on titanium alloy compared to the untreated alloy having on their surface the native oxide formed in contact with the air, confirming the possibility to improve the properties of such implant application in saliva solution.
316L Stainless steels are widely used in biomedical applications with respect to their excellent corrosion resistance, nonmagnetic properties, high ductility and acceptable biocompatibility. There have been made electrochemical studies in-vitro in order to determine the corrosion reactions, which are necessary for foreseeing the behavior of the materials used in orthodontic applications. The degradation of metals and alloys in the human body is a combination of effects due to corrosion and mechanical activities. In dentistry, 316L stainless steel are used in a variety of applications: sterilized instruments, endodontic files in root canal therapy, metal posts in root canal treated teeth, temporary crowns, arch wires and brackets in orthodontics, a necessary condition for these applications must to resist to pitting corrosion. The pitting corrosion can be observed only in the case of passivable steels and in the presence of halogen or sulphur ions, in saline or acidic media like the human body. this type of corrosion propagates under the form of small pits, which give off to a significant quantity of metal ions, being very dangerous to the body. The metal ions resulted from the corrosive processes have allergic, carcinogenic and cytotoxic effects. The aim of this work was to evaluate the corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel immersed in two artificial saliva solutions. The electrochemical measurements such as: open Circuit Potential (OCP), linear Polarization Resistance (LRP), and electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), methods were used to fulfill the corrosion evaluation. The research work concludes that the increase of the pH with a higher concentration of chloride contents lead to a lowest corrosion resistance while a decrease of the pH with a lowest concentration of chlorides contents reveals a higher corrosion resistance.
The materials used as implants are expected to be highly non toxic and should not cause any inflammatory or allergic reactions in the human body. The success of the biomaterials is mainly dependent on the reaction of the human body to the implant. Titanium and some of its alloys are used as biomaterials for dental and orthopedic applications. The most common grades used are commercially pure titanium and the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Frequent utilization of titanium and titanium alloys as biomaterials due to their superior biocompatibility, and high corrosion resistance as to form a thin surface oxide layer, and good mechanical properties, as a certain elastic modulus and low density that make that these metals present a mechanical behavior close to those of bones. Strong and totally biocompatible, titanium is one of the few materials that naturally match the requirements for implantation in the human body. Hydrogen peroxide appears in the human body when an inflammation occurs. This research work aims to assess the influence of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide on the corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy submerged in Hank's physiological solution. Electrochemical methods as Open Circuit Potential and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy were applied for corrosion investigations. The results provide evidence that Ti-6Al-4V corrosion resistance is affected by inflammatory conditions presence in Hank solution.
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