The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of uterine leiomyomas in a rural setup of Tamil Nadu and also to analyse its plethora among the various neoplastic lesions of female genital tract as well as the various demographical and clinico-pathological spectrum of the same. Material and Methods: A twenty-five years retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology in a rural teaching institute, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, in Chidambaram. A total of thousand two hundred hysterectomy specimens clinically diagnosed as uterine leiomyomas were included in the study and all the other female genital tract specimens were excluded from the study. Result: 1200 cases were studied in the study period among the total two thousand and twenty-two female genital tract neoplastic lesions that were received in the department during the twenty-five-year period. The most common age group affected was 5 th decade. The most common clinical presentation was menstrual disturbances among which menorrhagia was the commonest symptom. Taking into account the number of leiomyomas present in a uterus, single leiomyomas outnumbered multiple ones by a vast margin and taking the anatomical location of leiomyoma in a uterus into consideration, intramural leiomyoma stood well ahead of submucosal and subserosal leiomyomas. Conclusion: Almost 2/3 rd of the total female genital tract neoplastic lesions received from the inception of college to December 2012 were Uterine leiomyomas there by making it the most common neoplasm of female genital tract reported in our hospital in a rural setup for a total period of twenty five years starting from the inception of college until December 2012.

Background: Non Hodgkin lymphomas are clonal lymphoproliferative disorders that needs to be classified immunologically by variety of immunological markers targeted against specific antigens.Tissue microarrayallows for high-throughput molecular profiling of tissue specimens usingimmunohistochemistry resulting in reduced consumption of time and reagents as compared to conventional immunohistochemistry. Method:This three-year single institutional observational study was conducted at Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu.21cases ofhistopathologically diagnosed NHLwere subjected to Immunohistochemistry using manual Tissue microarray. Paraffin embedded tissue blocks of all the NHL cases formed donor blocks. Lay out for Tissue microarray was constructed followed by manual transfer of cored tissue from representative areas of donor blocks into recipient block using bone marrow needles. Immunohistochemistry was done using antibody against CD3,CD5, CD10 and CD20. Inadequate lymph node samples, poorly processed samples and extranodal NHL were excluded. Result: Of total 21 cases subjected to immunohistochemistry using Tissue microarray technique, only 19 cases were taken for analysis due to tissue loss and histopathological misdiagnosis. Among 19 cases there were 11[57.89%] males and 8[42.11%] females with male to female ratio of 1.37:1. Mean age ofstudy group was54.7years.There were 18[94.73%] cases of B-cell NHL with 1[5.27%] case of T-cell NHL. DLBCL constituted for 9[47.36%] cases. Immunohistochemistry using Tissue microarray consumed 1/6th of the reagent volume as that of conventional immunohistochemistry.

Background: Parasitic infections are a major public health problem worldwide with one-quarter ofthe world’s population is suffering from it. Intestinal and extraintestinal parasitic infestations arerising in developing countries. There is a raise in the immunocompromised state in which tissueparasitic infestations are increasing which necessitates this type of study. Method: A retrospectivedescriptive study with data collected from histopathology register from January 2018 to December2020, all cases diagnosed as parasitic infestation with age, gender, location and histopathologicalevaluation with tissue response was analysed. Results: In the present study over 3 years 11parasitic infestations were identified. About 3(27.3%) cases of hydatid cyst, 5(45.5%) cases ofEnterobius vermicularis, 2 (18.2%) cases of cysticercosis and 1(9%) case of hard tick was identified.The most common age group affected was <25 years of age (54.5%). The most common parasitefound is Enterobius vermicularis in our study. Conclusion: A careful histopathological examinationto identify parasitic infestations in tissue sections will help to decrease morbidity and mortality byproviding specific treatment to the patient.

BACKGROUND Abnormal uterine bleeding is the leading cause for the Gynaecologist's referral and it accounts for two-thirds of all Hysterectomies. Various causes including structural and non-structural can result in abnormal uterine bleeding. Abnormal uterine bleeding can result in significant morbidity and can interfere with personal and social well-being. The aim of this study is to evaluate the structural and non-structural causes associated with abnormal uterine bleeding and to study the endometrial patterns among hysterectomy specimens without structural abnormality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hysterectomy specimens of all the patients who presented with complaints of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding were selected and detailed histopathological analysis done. Findings were correlated with clinical symptoms and available investigations. Pregnancy related complications and cases of cervical carcinomas were not included in the study. Statistical Analysis Used-The data obtained were analysed using SPSS Software Version 17. Settings and Design-This is a hospital-based descriptive study on 408 hysterectomy specimens conducted at Shanmugha Hospitals and Salem Cancer Institute, Salem, Tamilnadu. RESULTS A total of 408 hysterectomy specimens were included in the study. Age group of the patients included in the study ranged from 20 to 80 years with 245 (60.04%) patients between 41 and 50 years. Of 408 specimens, 276 (67.64%) had structural abnormality. Majority in the study group had Leiomyoma, which accounted for 164 (40.19%) cases followed by abnormal uterine bleeding with endometrium in proliferative phase accounting for 84 (20.58%) cases. Remaining histopathological profiles included 24 (5.88%) secretory endometrium, 10 (2.45%) endometrial atrophy, 05 (1.22%) disordered proliferative endometrium, 57 (13.97%) adenomyosis, 35 (8.57%) endometrial polyp, 7 (1.71%) endometrial hyperplasia, 3 (0.7%) endocervical polyp, 2 (0.49%) granulomatous endometritis and 17 (4.16%) endometrial carcinomas. CONCLUSION Various structural and non-structural causes are associated with abnormal uterine bleeding. Most common cause associated with abnormal uterine bleeding in our study and institution is Leiomyoma which constitutes for 40.19% with least being Granulomatous Endometritis (0.49%).

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