The essence and significance of public-private partnership (PPP) are disclosed, its forms and role as the key tool for solving important problems of balanced economic development are highlighted due to the involvement in the implementation of strategies of private operators. Defined forms of cooperation aimed at organizing interaction under the «business-government-community» scheme, the classification of PPP types is described, its forms and significance are analyzed in the system of providing of natural and technological and environmental safety on the basis of preventive safety. The promotion of the partnership mechanism in preserving and developing the ecological infrastructure is disclosed. The use of PPP as a mechanism for attracting investment projects to financial resources, redistributing risks and strengthening the responsibility of PPP parties for the implementation of investment projects is shown.
Issues of integration of economic and ecological policy, main threats to national interests and national security, interrelations between economic growth and the level of environmental safety, impact of economic transformation on ensuring integration of economic and ecological development are discussed. The integration of ecological policy in the sectoral and regional structures with consideration of strategic environmental assessment, dependence of the integration of economic and ecological development from co-evolutionary processes, principles of balanced development of the economy and ecology, the transition of the industrial complex to the model of ecologically oriented development, and international standards of ecological safety are revealed. The main directions of ecologization of economic development and improvement of ecological environment of human habitation are determined.
The essence of the institutionalization of the ecological modernization of the economy, which is in economizing of the ecology and ecologizing of the economy, is revealed. The imperfection of the modern system of institutions for the ecologization of the economy is proved to be imperfect, which is manifested in inefficient environmental and resource-saving activities, irrational nature management. It is established that the process of institutionalization of ecological modernization takes place in the conditions of the industrial revolution, which will lead to the cardinal changes in the ecological situation both at the planetary and regional levels. The opportunities for solving of the environmental problems can significantly increase, as well as the possibility of the emergence of new ones. The prospective directions of the institutionalization of ecological modernization in the context of the fourth industrial revolution are revealed.
A definition of ecological modernization is given and analysis of its existing definitions is carried out. The tasks of ecological modernization, which envisage transformation of society, superindustrialization, reorientation of technologies for the restoration of ecological balance, restructuring of the economy and formation of a technological society, are outlined. The key elements of ecological modernization and its ecological imperatives are singled out. It is shown that mainly anthropocentric approaches and invariability of the priority of economic interests are traced in theoretical development of models of ecological modernization. It is highlighted that to prevent further degradation of ecosystems, a new ecocentric worldview and a high level of ecological consciousness are necessary. It is determined that the main forms of ecological modernization aimed at solving the environmental problems under conditions of limited and depleted natural resources are: environmentally directed development of industry; technological platforms of ecological development; ecologization of economic development; inplementation and development of clean production and environmental technologies. It is disclosed that in Ukraine over the past years the level of ecological modernization of the economy has increased, as evidenced by the share of capital investments in integrated technologies of the volume of capital investments for the protection and rational use of natural resources and development of the production of innovative products, including new types of machines, equipment, devices, devices. The vast majority of the integrated technology activities are not in line with the V and VI waves of innovation, not mentioning the VII, which began in highly developed countries. It is substantiated that new model of modernization of social development should include not only the change and introduction of new technologies, but also deep institutional, social and cultural transformations. It is determined that in addition to three prospects for the development of ecological modernization – eco-saving business and consumption, effective protection of the natural environment, the ecologization of society – the fourth is also possible: emancipation of nature, that is, socialization and personalization of nature. The strategic directions of ecological modernization of socio-economic development of Ukraine are proposed and its key tasks regarding the formation of a modernizing type of ecologically oriented activity of society are determined.
The article covers the issues of economic development in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic, its negative economic consequences, entering a deep recession. The forecast opinions on the losses of world GDP from the coronavirus crisis are given. The negative economic consequences of the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic have become a significant challenge for the world and Ukraine. The coronavirus pandemic pushed the world into development 20 years ago. According to UN estimates, the economic crisis could put more than 6 million Ukrainians out of poverty. The measures of the advanced countries to counteract the spread of the disease and provide support to the economy in order to reduce the duration of the global recession are revealed. The effects of the pandemic on the economy in Ukraine due to the economic crisis are shown, a significant proportion of the population has experienced a reduction in income or loss of the main source of income, rising unemployment. Sound programs for Ukraine aimed at helping to cope with the problems of the pandemic and ensure economic development. The need to comply with quarantine measures and their focus on at-risk groups, as well as on the development of the economy, which should continue to operate, is emphasized. The main data on the incidence of coronavirus in Ukraine are given. In terms of the number of new Covid-19 cases, Ukraine ranks third in Europe and 11th in the world. The proportion of recurrent cases in the world has also increased significantly, ranging from 4 to 18 % of the total number of new diseases. The main versions of the origin and spread of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 are considered: about its natural and artificial origin, due to climate change. It will take decades to solve climate problems to develop and implement all the necessary inventions in the field of clean energy. Many researchers believe that the coronavirus pandemic calls for a more holistic "single health" approach that considers human, animal, and environmental health to be interrelated. There is the Theory of the Great Epidemic, which states that every 100 years a pandemic unfolds on the planet. In the XXI century. such a large global epidemic was caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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