One of the promising ways to remove fats in the wastewater of food enterprises is the bioenzymatic technology for the decomposition of organic substances, including fats and vegetable oils, at local treatment facilities located directly at the enterprises. Bioenzymatic technologies for the decomposition and utilization of fats in wastewater are based on the use of microbial lipases and microorganisms capable of producing them. The experiment was carried out on the territory of the oil extraction plant in Bezenchuk for 18 days. Based on the samples taken, the concentration of triglycerides was revealed, the destructive ability was determined, as well as lipolytic activity after the introduction of the biological product.
The paper describes special aspects of mathematical modeling of water supply and sewerage systems. These systems are complex units consisting of extensive pipeline networks, structures, installations, and equipment supposed to work coherently. This task is challenging due to the large number of parameters and technological processes that occur in sewerage and water supply systems. Therefore, in practice, different types of modeling, including mathematical modeling, are used to cope with these tasks. Modeling is a form of reflection of reality. A developed model can only be useful if it precisely corresponds to the real system. The more perfect the model, the closer it is to the reality.
A study of the reagent removal of phosphates from domestic wastewater is presented. The research involved works, the authors of which describe methods for extracting phosphorus compounds from water. The article compares the removal of phosphates from wastewater by various methods in comparison with reagent methods. The analysis of existing technologies for regenerative dephosphorization of wastewater has shown that a promising direction is the search for new reagents for extracting phosphates from wastewater. Preference is given to such reagents as calcium oxide and hydroxide, iron chloride and sulfate, aluminum sulfate. The most eff ective for binding phosphates is the calcium cation, since a greater amount of hardly soluble compounds are formed with it.
The paper focuses upon modern methods of wastewater purification in the oil-and-fat industry. The researchers draw attention to the fact that if wastewater of food production is not properly purified it starts to decompose and extricate highly toxic substances. They further describe intensification methods dividing them into two groups and discuss pros and cons of the reagent method of wastewater treatment. Significant advantages of probiotic agents in contrast to the reagent treatment method are revealed. Probiotic agents for wastewater treatment are then proposed for use. It is stressed that is a relatively new method and it has not yet been widely studied. The article describes probiotic products composition and their action. It also explains the impact of various groups of bacteria at the stages of mechanical wastewater treatment in anaerobiosis and aerobic biological treatment. The researchers examine variants of probiotics addition and consider advantages and disadvantages of this method. To compare the results, it is proposed to use probiotic agents at municipal sewage treatment plants and at the oil-and-fat production enterprises. These experiments of probiotics application show the potential of their use for intensifying wastewater treatment processes, reducing the level of unpleasant odours and improving sanitary safety of sewage facilities.
The article compares the removal of phosphates from wastewater by promising biological methods, namely biotechnologies based on the use of phosphate-accumulating organisms. The microbial community under study gives great hopes for further fundamental studies of the metabolism of phosphate-accumulating organisms, and for improving biotechnologies for purifying wastewater from phosphorus.
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