The main objective of the research is to assess the ability of the Ukrainian economy and its individual industries to ensure, in the conditions of economic growth, a stable reduction of natural gas consumption and, consequently, to reduce dependence on its imports. Six types of relationships were identified between the change in sectoral added value and the change in the consumption of certain energy resources, in particular natural gas. The conditions are established under which the growth of sectoral added value is accompanied by a decrease in the consumption of certain energy resources. The index of sectoral efficiency of the use of certain energy resources was proposed and a model of the decomposition of the growth rate of this indicator was constructed. Quantitative indicators of measuring economic barriers on the way to introduction of energy-saving technologies are presented. Conditions under which economic growth is accompanied by a decrease in the level of dependence of the economy on imports of energy resources are modeled. The dynamics of natural gas consumption by sectors of the Ukrainian economy is analyzed. It is proved that reduction of natural gas consumption due to increased energy efficiency occurs mainly in industries with an average value of share of the cost of purchasing this energy in the total operating expenses. An estimation is undertaken of the possibility of achieving independence of the Ukrainian economy from the import of natural gas in different scenarios of changing main parameters that determine the probability of such an achievement.

The purpose of the study was to assess the efficiency and accessibility of microcredits for small Ukrainian enterprises and to justify the feasibility of strengthening government contributions in lending to ensure the sustainable development of small businesses. Indicators for evaluating the efficiency and accessibility of microcredits are systematized. Methodological approaches to assessing the efficiency of lending for the creation and development of microenterprises have been improved. A model for evaluating the efficiency of microcredits aimed at the survival of microenterprises in a deteriorating environment was developed. It has been revealed that the level of efficiency of microcredit creation for firms in some time intervals depends quadratically on the share of microcredits in the total amount of funds directed to the creation of firms. A linear relationship between the relative amount of credit received and the growth rate of firms’ assets has also been established. However, there is no significant impact of the microcredit’s amount on labor productivity. A method has been developed for evaluating the budgetary efficiency of microcredits when such a lending is carried out using funds from state or local budgets. It was found that improving these lending conditions through budget financing can significantly increase its attractiveness for microenterprises without significantly reducing the budgetary efficiency of microcredits. This article substantiates the need to strengthen state support for microcrediting of small Ukrainian enterprises in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The methodological framework for assessing adaptability of the economy to changes in energy prices and risks to energy markets was developed. The study proposes indicators for assessing the level of adaptability of the economic sectors to changes in prices for energy carriers and to risks of energy markets. The model of decomposition of adaptability level of the economy sectors to changes in energy prices has been developed. The theoretical and empirical analysis of the influence of energy prices on adaptability level of enterprises and households is carried out. Based on the empirical analysis, it was found that adaptability level of the sectors of Ukrainian economy significantly differs both in the years of the investigated period and in sectors of the economy. At the same time, most indicators of the level of adaptability vary from 0.4 to 0.7. Consequently, the actual decline in the profit of enterprises was 40–70% lower than the potentially possible decrease in the profit of these enterprises due to the prices rising for energy carriers. Moreover sectors which are less vulnerable to the growth of prices show higher adaptability level.The possibility of using the obtained results in developing a state energy saving strategy is substantiated.

Currently, the governments of many countries are facing with a lack of funds for financing programs for social protection of population. Among the causes of this problem, we can indicate the high unemployment rate, which, among other things, is due to implementation of labor-saving technologies. The purpose of this work is to study the impact of technological changes on the sustainability of the state social security system in Ukraine. The general approaches to the assessment of the stability of the state social security system are described. The simulation of the effect of economically efficient technological changes on the company's income and expenses was carried out. Some patterns of such changes are established. The group of productive technological changes types is presented. The model is developed, and an indicator of the impact estimation of efficiently effective technological changes on the stability of the state social security system is proposed. The analysis of the main indicators of the state social security system functioning of Ukraine is carried out. The dynamics of indicators characterizing the labor market of Ukraine is analyzed. The influence of changes in labor productivity on costs and profits by industries of Ukraine is estimated. The evaluation of the impact of economically efficient technological changes in the industries of Ukraine on the stability of its state social security system is carried out. The different state authorities can use the obtained results for developing measures to manage the sustainability of the state social security system.

Метою проведених досліджень є моделювання інвес тиційного ризику здійснення ресурсозберігаючих тех нологічних змін на підприємствах та розроблення методу врахування цього ризику при обґрунтуванні проектів впровадження ресурсозберігаючих техноло гій. Урахування ризику є важливою умовою підвищення обґрунтованості заходів із провадження технологіч них змін. Своєю чергою, правильне врахування чинника ризику може підвищити впевненість власників підпри ємств у доцільності впровадження ресурсозберігаючих технологій, що дасть змогу збільшити масштаби тако го впровадження. Проведене моделювання впливу цін, за якими підпри ємства купуватимуть виробничі ресурси, на ефектив ність впровадження ресурсозберігаючих технологій. Результати моделювання показали, що рівень такої ефективності є достатньо високим лише у певному діапазоні цін на ресурси. У зв'язку з цим було побудова но вирази для визначення інтервалів ціни на певний вид ресурсу, які відповідають трьом основним варіантам дій щодо використання існуючого технологічного про цесу. Такими варіантами є: продовження експлуатації існуючої технології, припинення її експлуатації із замі ною на нову ресурсозберігаючу технологію, припинення експлуатації існуючої технології без заміни її на нову. Обрунтовано доцільність врахування чинника ризи ку при обґрунтуванні проектів ресурсозберігаючих тех нологічних змін на підприємствах шляхом обчислення величини максимально припустимого розміру інвести цій у таке впровадження. Своєю чергою, максимально припустимий обсяг інвестицій пропонується визначати на підставі побудованої множини сценаріїв значень тих показників проекту, які характеризуються низьким рівнем прогнозованості. За такого підходу до врахуван ня чинника ризику зникає необхідність обґрунтовувати величину дисконтної ставки, що часто характеризу ється високим ступенем суб'єктивності. Використання розробленого методу обгрунтуван ня проектів ресурсозберігаючих технологічних змін у практиці діяльності підприємств дасть змогу під вищити обґрунтованість відповідних інвестиційних рішень завдяки всебічному врахуванню чинника ризику Ключові слова: проект, ресурсозберігаючі техно логічні зміни, ризик, моделювання технологічних змін, ціни на ресурси

The purpose of the study is to develop a toolkit for assessing and overcoming barriers to the implementation of energy-saving projects. The barriers on the way to implementation of energy-saving projects at enterprises were grouped, and general approaches to evaluation of these barriers were determined. Modeling of economic barriers on the way to implementation of energy-saving projects at enterprises was fulfilled. The means of overcoming barriers to implementation of energy-saving projects were substantiated. The need for these studies is due to the need to assess and realize the potential of energy saving in the economies of many countries in Europe and the world. The existence of five main groups of barriers on the way to the implementation of energy-saving projects at enterprises was established. There is a reasonable need to take into consideration the sources of funding energy saving projects when assessing these barriers. It was found that according to the managers of enterprises, for all the studied industries of the Ukrainian economy, the most essential barrier to implementation of the projects of decreasing natural gas consumption is the insufficient level of their implementation. At the same time, the estimated effectiveness of state expenditures for subsidizing the researched enterprises is quite high. Therefore, it is appropriate to extend to cases of enterprises the Ukrainian practice of state subsidization of individuals receiving loans in order to implement projects to decrease the natural gas consumption. The importance of the obtained results is due to the possibility of their use both at the level of enterprises and in the practice of activity of state and municipal authorities in the development of energy-saving strategies and programs

To solve the contradiction between achieving long-term economic growth and reducing the consumption of certain types of resources, the concept of sustainable resource saving economic development must be put into practice. The purpose of this research is to establish criteria, develop indicators, and identify factors of the sustainable energy-saving economic development, as well as to test the developed theoretical provisions using the example of natural gas consumption by different countries. To achieve this goal, various methods were used, including economic and mathematical modeling, time series analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis, and so on. The criteria were formalized, according to which a certain type of economic development can be attributed to energy saving both at the level of the state economy as a whole and at the level of individual industries and enterprises. It was established that the formalized criteria of the sustainable energy-saving economic development have the form of chains of inequalities, and their application makes it possible to identify the general conditions for ensuring this type of development. The main properties of energy-saving economic development were identified. They include the pace of this development, its potential, balance, permanence, and other characteristics. Indicators that can be used to quantify these characteristics were developed. The factors influencing the scale and time characteristics of sustainable energy-saving economic development at the level of the state economy and that of industries and individual enterprises, were systematized. The dynamics of natural gas consumption in different countries was analyzed. The reasons for the lack of energy-saving natural gas economic development in some countries were identified. A quantitative assessment of the properties of this type of economic development by country was conducted. The influence of some factors on the parameters of the sustainable energy-saving natural gas economic development of countries was analyzed. The existence of a negative effect of the rebound in the consumption of natural gas was established at certain intervals in some countries. The obtained results provide an opportunity to increase the degree of understanding of the complex patterns that underlie the sustainable energy-saving economic development of states, industries, and enterprises. These results can also be used in the development of government programs to stimulate energy conservation.

The work is a study of patterns of forming the potential of economic development of industrial enterprises. The essence and components of the potential of economic development of an enterprise have been defined. A model of forming the potential on the basis of building a hierarchy of factors, that constitute it, has been offered.