The aim of the study is to establish the prevalence of neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) in the structure of chronic lung diseases (CLD) and congenital lung malformations (CLM), clinical and instrumental diagnostics of these diseases in patients hospitalized at the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow over the period from 2012 to 2022. Materials and methods. Longitudinal non comparative single-center study of fourteen NEHI patients, diagnosed on the basis of 3 out of 4 signs of childhood CHILD-syndrome and the presence of typical CT signs of diseases, CLD and CLM patients. In all NEHI patients, the prevalence of clinical and instrumental signs was determined according to the scale, which includes 10 signs: onset of signs before the age of 12 months, delayed physical development, absence of drumstick symptom, absence of cough and wheezing (apart from episodes of respiratory infections), chest abnormalities, crackles, hypoxemia, tachypnea, retraction. Results. NEHI is a rare (0.53%) CLD in infants. The clinical scale for the diagnosis of NEHI is of practical importance in the early diagnosis of diseases; its use can reduce the prescription of drugs that are not effective for NEHI.
Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is an interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology that develops in the first year of life and manifests itself as persistent tachypnea syndrome. The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic value of the clinical scale for the diagnosis of NEHI in comparison with computed tomography (CT) data of the chest organs and for differential diagnosis with acute bronchiolitis (AB)/community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Materials and methods of research: a multicenter case-control study of children aged 21 days of life to 12 months was carried out: – 83 children with NEHI and 83 infants with AB or CAP. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of this scale for differential diagnosis with AB/CAP, the results of the assessment according to the proposed scale were compared in patients with NEHI (study group) and patients with AB/CAP (control group) on the day of treatment and after 3 weeks. Results: the sensitivity of the clinical scale for the diagnosis of NEHI when compared with the CT data of the chest organs was 85.5%. In the differential diagnosis of NEHI with AB/CAP on the day of treatment, the sensitivity of the clinical scale for the diagnosis of NEHI was 85.5%, the specificity was 80.7%; when re-evaluated after 3 weeks, the accuracy of the scale increased from 83.1% to 91.6%, the specificity – from 80.7% to 97.6%. Diagnosis on a scale after 3 weeks reduced the possibility of overdiagnosis of NEHI from 19.3% to 2.4%. Conclusions: the clinical scale for the diagnosis of NEHI has a high diagnostic value in comparison with the results of CT scan of the chest organs and for differential diagnosis with AB/CAP, especially when re-evaluating.
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