Today, sustainability, sustainable development and clean environment come to the fore worldwide. Consequently, the concept of sustainability has been introduced in project management. Sustainability issues have gained particular attention in the real estate sector. However, despite the fact that this sector has a huge impact on the environment and society, real estate projects are most commonly chosen taking into account only their risk and return, and a very limited number of indices and methods are available to assess their sustainability. Moreover, all of the existing indices and models for assessing the sustainability of an investment project take into account only three dimensions of sustainability—environmental, social and economic. Therefore, the novelty of this work lies in constructing a real estate sustainability index (RESI) relying on an additional sustainability aspect—i.e., a technological dimension. The developed sustainability index could be useful in evaluating and comparing real estate projects. It would also promote technological progress and investments in new technologies within projects as sustainability is also considered in a new, technological dimension. A research study was carried out between September 2020 and December 2020. Following an analysis of the literature and different sustainability-related standards relevant for the real estate industry, sustainability criteria were chosen and then grouped into four (environmental, social, economic and technological) categories. The selection and ranking of the most relevant sustainability criteria were performed through a survey. The index was compiled by applying multi-criteria decision making methods.
In the real estate sector, sustainability assessment tools enable the transition to buildings with lower impacts on the environment, the economy and the society. A variety of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods has been proposed to address this problem. There is, however, no consensus on the method to be used in each assessment case. The paper presents an empirical application and comparison of two different MCDM approaches SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) to assessing the sustainability of a real estate project. 18 sustainability criteria weighted by experts formed the basis of sustainability assessment of a real estate project. The results of the study revealed a significant difference between the ranks obtained by SAW and TOPSIS. Moreover, the results of the MCDM sensitivity analysis showed that the TOPSIS method is more sensitive to changes in baseline data than the SAW method.
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