Plants are natural sources of bioactive compounds, and the intensive use of wild plants to obtain them, in particular secondary metabolites, depletes natural biocenoses. Instead, modern biotechnological methods, especially cell and tissue culture in vitro, make it possible to get environmentally friendly, highly productive plant raw materials that are able to synthesize and accumulate specialized substances, which are valuable for pharmacology, cosmetology, and medicine. Regenerating in vitro-plants of different plant species such as Acorus calamus L., Phalaenopsis sp. were obtained in our research. It was proved that by changing the cultivation conditions it is possible to change the content of substances of secondary metabolites in explants and in the nutrient medium under aseptic culture.
In recent years, xanthones have received considerable attention from scientists due to their biological activity: anticarcinogenic, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other properties.Therefore they are useful for prevention and treatment of different diseases:cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, etc. Extracts of different species of plants containing xanthones are components of chemotherapeutic and other medical drugs. In order to find the most sensitive and environmentally safe method of quantitative determination of xanthones in the plant material and the nutrient medium, known methods were tested and selected for the prototype Vyisochina G. I. et al., 2011 method, which uses ethanol as an extractor. As the plant material we used plants of different species that were grown under in vitro cultivation conditions on the agarized nutrient medium. This agarized nutrient medium was also used for the xanthone content analysis. Based on the performed research, modifications of the method for determining the content of xanthones were adapted to the in vitro conditions, which detail the specificity of extraction and quantitative calculation of the xanthone content in plant explants. Our own method of determination of these compounds in the agarized nutrient medium was developed as well. The method, that we proposed, will significantly speed up the process of xanthone detecting and will also increase their yield in biotechnological processes for obtaining the pharmacologically valuable secondary metabolites of phenolic nature.
Aim. Preparation of aseptic seedlings Salvia hispanica L., callus initiation in vitro and establishment of primary explants suitable for the callus production. Methods. Seeds are sprouted on our own modification of conventional methods. The non-hormonal Murashige-Skoog agarized nutrient medium was used as basic medium for the experiments. Parts of one-month seedlings (roots, hypocotyl, cotyledon leaves) were used as explants for the use of the colza. We added growth regulators (BAP, 2,4-D) in different concentration combinations into the nutrient medium for callus initiation. Statistical processing was performed in Microsoft Office Excel. Results. Aseptic S. hispanica seedlings have been obtained. The callus growth was initiated on all types of explants, the dependence of the callus intensity on the type of explants and the growth regulators content in the nutrient medium was established. Morphogenic callus and root-regenerants have been obtained. Conclusions. Hypocotyl was the most suitable primary explant for callus growth. Seedlings, leaves and roots showed low morphogenetic capacity. The nutrient medium with an elevated 2,4-D content was the most effective for initiation of callus genesis and proliferation of non-morphogenous callus. A high concentration of 2,4-D in the medium improves S. hispanica callus growth but suppresses its morphogenic ability.Keywords: Salvia hispanica (Chia), in vitro culture, callus.
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