The paper overviews the operational properties of charred layers which are forming as a result of thermolytical synthesis of intumescent coatings, and the ways of enhancing those properties using different additives mixed with initial intumescent composition. Methods including differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, microscale calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the modified intumescent compositions and the properties of charred layers formed from them. Results show that additives tend to change the microstructure of char which undergoes some transformations; it is proven by increase in volume and stability. Also it is shown that melamine-aldehyde resin was detected in the microstructure of char, and it is a step forward in forming a holistic conception of intumescents operating.
The influence of reactive monomer on the properties of fire-protective intumescent composition and the final UV-curable coating was investigated; it was established that compositions based on isobornyl acrylate, mixture of hydroxyethyl methacrylate with dipropylene glycol, and cyclohexyl methacrylate form charred layers with sufficient fire-protective and mechanical properties.
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