Surfactants are extremely common organic compounds that enter the environment in large quantities in the form of household and industrial wastewater. The toxicity of surfactants for biological systems, the high concentration of substances and the duration of the bioremediation process of polluted ecosystems requires improving the biotechnology of microbial wastewater treatment for surfactants. The purpose of this work is to study the kinetic laws of the reaction of the biological decomposition of betaine surfactants. Pseudomonas bacteria were used as bio-destructors of the surfactants. Kinetic data were obtained to create the possibility of further optimization of research on the biodegradation of toxic organic substances. The strains that were promising destructors of cocamidopropylbetaine were selected. The toxicity of high concentrations of surfactants in relation to microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas was proven. Safe values of the surfactant concentration for conducting biodegradation tests were found. A kinetic model of the biodestructive process was constructed. It proves that the processes of biodegradation are described by a kinetic equation of the first order. With the derived equation, it is possible to determine the time interval of biodegradation of cocamidopropylbetaine to the specified values by means of mathematical calculations.
Biodegradation is a sustainable and efficient method for removing organic pollutants from the aquatic environment. We studied the biological purification of aqueous solutions from betaine organic matter under the action of bacterial strains of the genus Pseudomonas and determined the rate of decomposition in the presence of chloride ions and heavy metal cations. The bacteria showed lower activity in the presence of salts of heavy metals and performed more efficiently in the presence of chloride ions. Almost complete degradation of organic matter was observed on the 21st day. Thus, these strains of microorganisms can be used as decomposers of organic betaine compounds.
The paper examines the biodegradation rate of cocamidopropyl betaine by bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and activated sludge. The following microorganisms were taken as destructor strains: Pseudomonas fluorescens TR (VKPM B-4881), Pseudomonas putida TP-19 (B-6582), Pseudomonas stutzeri T (B-4904), Pseudomonas putida TSh-18 (B-2950), Pseudomonas putida TO (B-3959), Pseudomonas mendocina 2S (B-4710), Pseudomonas oleovorans TF4-1L (B-8621) and activated sludge obtained at activated sludge reactors of a Kuzbass plant. Biooxidation of surfactant samples was carried out in 250 cm3 glass flasks, placed into an incubator shaker, at a constant temperature of 30ºС for pure cultures and 18ºС for activated sludge. The destructor strain should reduce the surfactant concentration to safe values within a minimum time interval. Pseudomonas stutzeri T (B-4904) and Pseudomonas fluorescens TR (B-4881) strains provided the shortest half-life of the surfactant under study – 2.5 and 2.6 days, respectively. For Pseudomonas putida TO (B-3959), Pseudomonas putida TSh-18 (B-2950) and Pseudomonas oleovorans TF4-1L (B-8621) strains, these values amounted to 3.0, 4.5 and 4.9 days, respectively. The maximum half-life of the surfactant under study was demonstrated by Pseudomonas mendocina 2S (B-4710) and Pseudomonas putida TP-19 (B-6582) microorganisms – 5.5 and 6.0 days, respectively. The maximum biodegradation of the surfactant was observed under its exposure to the biocenosis of microorganisms. Over 14 days, the concentration of cocamidopropyl betaine decreased to 0.27% of its initial concentration. The efficiency of Pseudomonas bacteria as destructors of surfactants was demonstrated. Bacteria of this genus exhibit a shorter generation time and a higher rate of biomass growth when compared to other strains and a shorter period of adaptation to surfactants when compared to activated sludge. Capable of reducing surfactant concentrations to safe values in a minimum time interval, Pseudomonas strains can be used as an effective agent in the development of technologies for wastewater purification from amphoteric surfactants.
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