These findings indicate the possible use of interleukin-10 single nucleotide polymorphisms as genetic markers in chronic periodontitis patients and further emphasise the molecular differences between chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.

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BackgroundThe relationship between dental anomalies and periodontitis has not been documented by earlier studies. Although psychological factors have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis, very little information has so far been published about the association of anxiety and depression with aggressive periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis with certain systemic manifestations and dental anomalies.MethodsA total of 262 patients (100 chronic periodontitis, 81 aggressive periodontitis and 81 controls), attending the Periodontology clinics at Jordan University of Science and Technology, Dental Teaching Centre) were included. All subjects had a full periodontal and radiographic examination to assess the periodontal condition and to check for the presence of any of the following dental anomalies: dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, congenitally missing lateral incisors or peg-shaped lateral incisors. Participants were interrogated regarding the following: depressive mood, fatigue, weight loss, or loss of appetite; and their anxiety and depression status was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale.ResultsPatients with aggressive periodontitis reported more systemic symptoms (51%) than the chronic periodontitis (36%) and control (30%) patients (p < 0.05). Aggressive periodontitis patients had a higher tendency for both anxiety and depression than chronic periodontitis and control patients. Dental anomalies were significantly (p < 0.05) more frequent among both of chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients (15% and 16%, respectively), compared to controls.ConclusionIn this group of Jordanians, systemic symptoms were strongly associated with aggressive periodontitis, and dental anomalies were positively associated with both aggressive and chronic periodontitis.

Vitamin D acts through binding with vitamin D receptor (VDR) and is responsible for regulating bone metabolism and mineralization; it also suppresses the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate if VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in a Jordanian population. A total of 99 patients with CP, 63 patients with AgP, and 126 controls were genotyped using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The association was determined after correcting for confounding factors using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Estimation of haplotype frequencies was carried out using the EH program, and haplotypes were constructed using the phase 2.1 program. After correcting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that inheritance of the BsmI bb genotype or the ApaI aa genotype was associated with increased risk of developing CP (OR = 2.4 and OR = 3.4, respectively) but with reduced risk of developing AgP (OR = 0.4 and OR = 0.3, respectively). This was further supported by association of the ba haplotype with CP but not with AgP. This study supports an association of VDR gene polymorphisms with CP and AgP in a Jordanian population; however, the pattern of association was different between the two diseases.

Background: Since diagnosis-related groups (SwissDRG) were established in Switzerland in 2012, small and medium-size hospitals have encountered increasing financial troubles. Even though hernia repair operations are frequent, most hospitals fail to cover their costs with these procedures. Previous studies have focused mainly on analyzing costs and the contributing factors but less on variables that can be positively influenced. Therefore, this study aims to identify the relevant and influenceable factors for revenue growth in hernia repair surgery. Methods: Data from all patients who underwent the SwissDRG G09 surgery for a hernia in 2019 were analyzed. The contribution margin (CM4), as well as any over- or under-coverage, was correlated to case-specific costs. Results: A total of 168 patients received hernia repair surgery with the SwissDRG code G09. The average revenue/loss generated by one procedure was CHF −623.84. Procedures covered by the General Health Insurance (OKP) generated a loss of CHF −830.70 on average, whereas procedures covered by private insurance companies (VVG) generated revenue of CHF +1100 on average. Significant factors impacting the profitability of hernia repair operations were teaching during surgery (p < 0.005), the surgical operating time (p < 0.001), the total anesthesia time (p < 0.001), the number of surgeons present (p = 0.022), the insurance state of patients (p < 0.001), and the type of surgery (p < 0.01 for Lichtenstein’s procedure). Conclusions: This study reveals that hernia repair surgery performed under cost coverage by OKP is generally unprofitable. Our results further imply that the most important and influenceable factors for revenue enhancement are the quality and process optimization of the surgical department. To compensate for this deficit, hospitals should aim to increase the percentage of patients with private health insurance coverage in their procedures. Since outpatient surgery does not provide a valid alternative due to the low reimbursement by insurance companies, the cost efficiency of inpatient hernia repair needs to be increased by process optimization of the surgical department; for instance, by providing specialized hernia teams performing with shorter operation times and high quality.