Assembly sequence planning of a product involves several steps, including generation of precedence constraints, generation of assembly sequences, and selection of assembly sequences. Generation and selection of assembly sequences should be able to guarantee the feasibility of assembly. Assembly will be feasible if there is no collision between components when assembled. Detection of collision-free path of assembly can be done in an automated way. There are a number of collision detection methods that have been developed, but the method requires a complicated process of data geometry analysis. This paper proposes a method for detecting a collision-free path of the assembly component in a more simple way. Geometrical data required, taken from the three-dimensional (3D) solid drawing in the form of stacked drawing in computer-aided design (CAD) systems. Retrieval of geometrical data of components and detection of the collision-free path of an assembly were done in an automated way, directly from the CAD system.

The assembly sequence planning of a product can be generated through three phases: first, generating precedence constraints; second, searching for assembly sequence alternatives; and third, selecting the best assembly sequence. Assembly sequence generation needs precedence constraints in order to find a feasible assembly. A collision between two components can cause the blocking of one by the other after assembly. This research proposes an automated method for generating precedence constraints. The method employs certain information: the collision-free assembly path; the number of connections between components; and component volume. This information is extracted from the CAD (Computer Aided Design) database. The methods resulting from the research will be used to develop an automated process of assembly sequence generation using a three-dimensional (3D) solid drawing in the form of a stacked drawing in a CAD system.

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Human-robot collaboration (HRC) has arisen as a promising technology to improve the productivity of assembly processes. This paper discusses an assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) where manual, robotic, or HRC operations may be considered decision alternatives. Each assembly process task may be operated either by a human operator, a robot operator, or an HRC. This possibility of shared functions between humans and robots may result in a hybrid manual-robotic assembly line. This problem’s mathematical model is developed based on the simple ALBP and modifying the idea of two-sided ALBP, with additional aspects related to resource alternatives of human, robot, or HRC, and robot’s tool-type for the operations. The problem is formulated analytically in a mixed-integer linear programming model with a cost-oriented objective function. The exact method can be applied to obtain an optimal solution.

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