PAX9, a paired domain transcription factor, has important functions in craniofacial and limb development. Heterozygous mutations of PAX9, including deletion, nonsense, or frameshift mutations that lead to a premature stop codon, and missense mutations, were previously shown to be associated with autosomal dominant oligodontia. Here, we report a novel missense mutation that lies in the highly conserved paired domain of PAX9 and that is associated with non-syndromic oligodontia in one family. The mutation, 83G-->C, is predicted to result in the substitution of arginine by proline (R28P) in the N-terminal subdomain of PAX9 paired domain. To rule out the possibility that this substitution is a rare polymorphism and to test whether the predicted amino acid substitution disrupts protein-DNA binding, we analyzed the binding of wild-type and mutant PAX9 paired domain to double-stranded DNA targets. The R28P mutation dramatically reduces DNA binding of the PAX9 paired domain and supports the hypothesis that loss of DNA binding is the pathogenic mechanism by which the mutation causes oligodontia.
In this study a surface penetrating sealant was used around bonded stainless steel orthodontic brackets. The investigation attempted to identify the effect of surface penetrating sealants on the microleakage associated with orthodontic stainless steel brackets bonded with light cured composite resin.
A total of 58 bovine teeth were used for this study, orthodontic brackets were bonded with light cured orthodontic resin. The following groups were assigned: (I) Finished but unsealed, (II) Finished and sealed, and (III,) Un-finished but unsealed The brackets were activated using orthodontic elastics, stained, sectioned, and evaluated under magnification. The following statistical analysis was done Mann-Whitney U test for two independent samples, then confirmed with a Kruskai-Wallis One-Way analysis of variance by ranks. The second and third groups were statistically better in respect of marginal integrity as compared to the first.
Traditionally in full denture prosthetics, anterior teeth are set on the models, independent of the effects on the face. More enlightened dentists, will then adjust the wax-up for speech, and some effects on the lips. Consideration is infrequently given to restoring the face by repositioning the teeth and mandible. Rarely is thought given to the effects of occlusion on the posture of the body. This report uses several techniques to restore facial esthetics and body posture. The techniques used include a cephalometric radiograph, transcranial radiographs, an articulator that has an adjustable "TMJ" (Denar-Witzig), and Symmetrigraf Posture ChartR.
This clinical report describes a newer approach in the positioning of maxillary anterior teeth for a patient with hypodontia and nail dysplasia syndrome, and the overall effect of this approach on the face and posture of the patient.
Conventionally the precise form of the maxillary wax rim is fabricated with considerable variation from technician to another, based on the technicians training. This variation is evident on the position of the labial aspect of the rim horizontally and vertically. The wax rim is then further adjusted chair side based on subjective evaluation of the face. The maxillary anterior teeth position is established without considering that the lip position is not yet accustomed to the wax rim.
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